姚新艳,李玉芳,龚萍,额热艾汗,张子航,蒋虹雨,万云天.滴灌地面环状管网结构对土壤水分分布均匀性及青贮玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(3):179~192
滴灌地面环状管网结构对土壤水分分布均匀性及青贮玉米生长的影响
Effects of above\|ground looped pipe network structures on soil moisture distribution uniformity and silage maize growth
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.03.17
中文关键词:  青贮玉米  滴灌  均匀性  管网结构  生长发育
英文关键词:silage maize  drip irrigation  uniformity  pipe network structure  growth and development
基金项目:石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目（RCZK202313）；国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作专项（2025YFE0104900）
作者单位
姚新艳 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆 石河子 832000； 现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000 
李玉芳 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆 石河子 832000； 现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000 
龚萍 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆 石河子 832000； 现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000 
额热艾汗 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆 石河子 832000； 现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000 
张子航 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆 石河子 832000； 现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000 
蒋虹雨 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆 石河子 832000； 现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000 
万云天 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆 石河子 832000； 现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832000 
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中文摘要:
      环状管网能改善管网灌水均匀性，但滴灌地面环状管网供水对土壤水分分布均匀性及作物产量的影响尚缺乏研究。于2024年4—8月开展大田试验，设置4种管网结构：树状管网（C）、支管环状管网（T）、毛管环状管网（D）和支毛叠加环状管网（S），测定各处理的管网水力参数、土壤含水率、青贮玉米的生长和产量指标，进而研究管网结构对土壤水分分布均匀性、青贮玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明：环状管网的灌水均匀性和土壤水分分布较树状管网更均匀，可提高灌水均匀系数1.97%~4.17%、土壤含水率均匀系数3.19%~6.22%。S处理的灌水均匀系数、土壤含水率均匀系数、株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、鲜草产量、干草产量、穗长、穗粒数、百粒重及籽粒干物质均为最高，D处理的穗粗为最大。滴灌管网结构对青贮玉米株高、茎粗、干物质积累量、穗长、穗粒数及籽粒干物质具有显著影响(P<0.05)。采用熵权-TOPSIS综合评价方法，基于灌水均匀系数、土壤水分均匀性指标、青贮玉米生长与产量指标、经济指标对管网结构评价，评价结果为S>D>C>T。综上，S处理为最优滴灌管网结构。
英文摘要:
      While looped pipe networks are known to enhance irrigation uniformity, the effects of above\|ground looped drip irrigation systems on soil moisture distribution uniformity and crop yield have not been thoroughly investigated. A field experiment was conducted from April to August 2024, comparing four pipe network structures: a tree\|shaped network (C), a manifold looped pipe network (T), a lateral looped pipe network (D), and a manifold\|lateral combined looped pipe network (S). The hydraulic parameters of the pipe network, soil moisture content, and growth and yield indicators of silage maize were measured to evaluate the effects of pipe network structure. The results demonstrated that the looped pipe networks provided superior irrigation uniformity and more homogeneous soil moisture distribution compared to the tree\|shaped network (C), increasing the Christiansen uniformity coefficient by 1.97%~4.17% and the soil moisture uniformity coefficient by 3.19%~6.22%. The manifold\|lateral combined looped pipe network (S) achieved the highest values in most measured parameters, including the aforementioned uniformity coefficients, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, fresh yield, hay yield, ear length, grain number per ear, 100\|grain weight, and grain dry matter. The lateral looped pipe network (D) resulted in the largest ear diameter. The pipe network structure had significant effects (P<0.05) on plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation, ear length, grain number per ear, and grain dry matter of silage maize. An entropy weight-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method, which integrated the irrigation uniformity coefficient, soil moisture uniformity indicators, silage maize growth and yield indicators, and economic indicators, ranked the overall performance as S>D>C>T. In conclusion, the manifold\|lateral combined looped pipe network (S) is identified as the optimal structure for drip irrigation systems under the conditions of this study.
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