| 张珂菡,戴言博,越昆,宋海清,段晓凤.近43年河套地区向日葵冷害时空演变特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(3):285~295 |
| 近43年河套地区向日葵冷害时空演变特征分析 |
| Analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of sunflower chilling injury in the Hetao Region over the past 43 years |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.03.27 |
| 中文关键词: 向日葵 冷害 变率 时空特征 河套地区地区 |
| 英文关键词:sunflower chilling injury variability spatiotemporal characteristics Hetao Region |
| 基金项目:中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（2022ZY0145）；内蒙古自治区科学基金（2022MS04017） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 内蒙古河套地区地区向日葵乳熟期冷害频繁发生，严重制约向日葵生长发育与产量提升。本研究整合内蒙古河套地区向日葵主产区5个国家地面气象站1980—2023年气象观测数据和ERA5再分析格点数据，结合向日葵冷害指标阈值，综合运用气候倾向分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、距平变率分析、MeteoInfo及Python空间分析等方法，系统探讨河套地区向日葵乳熟期冷害时空分布及变化特征。研究显示：1980—2023年间，河套地区向日葵乳熟期平均气温呈显著上升趋势，气候倾向率达0.5 ℃·10 a-1，1994年发生突变后增温趋势更为显著。冷害变化方面，轻度和中度冷害日数分别以-2.1 d·10 a-1和-1.8 d·10 a-1的倾向率显著减少，重度冷害变化相对平稳，整体冷害发生频率与强度降低，且乳熟后期冷害风险更高。空间分布上，河套地区地区黄河上游周边东部区域冷害发生较为频繁，轻度冷害日数达22~30 d、中度冷害日数达12~24 d、重度冷害日数达6~10 d，西部及南部为低值区。随时间推移，全区冷害呈现明显减轻态势：1980s~2010s期间，轻度冷害平均日数从26 d降至18 d、中度冷害平均日数从16 d降至8 d、重度冷害从5 d降至2 d。1994年气温突变后，各等级平均冷害日数分别比突变前少2~4 d。冷害减少使向日葵乳熟期热量条件得以优化，灌浆持续时间延长，可促进籽粒干物质高效积累；同时，低温胁迫压力的缓解能有效降低植株生理损伤及病虫害发生率，增强植株抗逆能力，为向日葵产量与品质双提升奠定基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The frequent occurrence of chilling injury during the milk stage of sunflowers in the Hetao Region of Inner Mongolia severely constrains the growth, development, and yield improvement of sunflowers. This study integrated meteorological observation data and ERA5 reanalysis grid data of 5 national surface meteorological stations across the main sunflower\|producing areas of Hetao Region, Inner Mongolia (1980-2023). Combined with threshold values for sunflower chilling injury indicators, the methods of climate tendency analysis, Mann-Kendall mutation test, anomaly variability analysis, and MeteoInfo and Python spatial analysis were used to systematically explore the spatiotemporal distribution and variation characteristics of chilling injury in the Hetao Region sunflower milk stage. The findings showed that the average temperature during the sunflower milk stage in Hetao Region exhibited a significant upward trend from 1980 to 2023, with a climate tendency rate of 0.5 ℃·10 a-1, and this warming trend intensified markedly following a temperature mutation in 1994. With respect to chilling injury dynamics, the number of days with mild and moderate chilling injuries decreased significantly at tendency rates of -2.1 d·10 a-1 and -1.8 d·10 a-1, respectively, whereas severe chilling injuries remained relatively stable. Spatially, chilling injury occurred with higher frequency in the eastern part of the Hetao Region adjacent to the upper reaches of the Yellow River. In terms of spatial distribution, chilling injury occurred more frequently in the eastern part of the Hetao Region surrounding the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The number of days with slight chilling injury ranged from 22 to 30 days, moderate chilling injury from 12 to 24 days, and severe chilling injury from 6 to 10 days in this area, while the western and southern parts of the region were low\|value zones for chilling injury. However, chilling injury across the whole region showed a significant alleviating trend over time. From the 1980s to the 2010s, the average annual number of slight chilling injury days decreased from 26 days to 18 days; that of moderate chilling injury days dropped from 16 days to 8 days; and severe chilling injury days declined from 5 days to 2 days. Following the abrupt temperature change in 1994, the average number of chilling injury days at all severity levels was 2-4 days less than that before the abrupt change. The reduction in chilling injury had optimized the thermal conditions for sunflowers at the milky maturity stage, prolonged the grain\|filling duration, and facilitated the efficient accumulation of dry matter in grains. Meanwhile, the alleviation of low\|temperature stress can effectively reduce physiological damage to plants and the incidence of diseases and insect pests, enhance plant stress resistance, and lay a foundation for the simultaneous improvement of both the yield and quality of sunflowers. |
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