王进,项宏飞,孙慧雯,李继明,王庆燕,方淑梅,姜海鹏,梁喜龙.不同株行距配置对松嫩平原大豆生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):1~13
不同株行距配置对松嫩平原大豆生长及产量的影响
Effects of different plant spacing configurations on growth and yield of soybean in Songnen Plain
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.01
中文关键词:  大豆  栽培方式  冠层  生理特性  产量
英文关键词:soybean  cultivation methods  canopy  physiological characteristics  yield
基金项目:黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目 (LH2024C078)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(31571613)
作者单位
王进 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319； 黑龙江省植物生长调节剂工程技术研究中心,黑龙江 大庆,163319 
项宏飞 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319； 黑龙江省植物生长调节剂工程技术研究中心,黑龙江 大庆,163319 
孙慧雯 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319； 黑龙江省植物生长调节剂工程技术研究中心,黑龙江 大庆,163319 
李继明 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319； 黑龙江省植物生长调节剂工程技术研究中心,黑龙江 大庆,163319 
王庆燕 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319； 黑龙江省植物生长调节剂工程技术研究中心,黑龙江 大庆,163319 
方淑梅 黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319；黑龙江省植物生长调节剂工程技术研究中心,黑龙江 大庆,163319 
姜海鹏 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319； 黑龙江省植物生长调节剂工程技术研究中心,黑龙江 大庆,163319 
梁喜龙 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319； 黑龙江省植物生长调节剂工程技术研究中心,黑龙江 大庆,163319 
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中文摘要:
      为揭示栽培方式对黑龙江省西南部松嫩平原腹地大豆生长及产量的影响，以‘垦保1号’和‘龙垦324’为供试品种，在36万株·hm-2的相同播种密度条件下，设置65 cm垄作+垄上双行（B1）、110 cm垄作+垄上3行（B2）、130 cm垄作+垄上4行（B3）、45 cm平作（B4）及35 cm平作（B5）共5种不同栽培方式处理，系统分析株行距配置对大豆农艺性状、不同冠层干质量、群体特性、生理代谢及产量与产量构成因素的影响。结果表明：B3处理下，大豆农艺性状、生理特性、不同冠层干质量及理论产量均高于其他处理，其单株荚数和单株粒数达到最高。其中，‘垦保1号’理论产量达3 157 kg·hm-2，较其他处理增加15.49%～38.10%；‘龙垦324’理论产量达2 935 kg·hm-2，较其他处理增加2.55%～17.71%。对不同冠层与产量构成因素的关联分析发现，B3处理下，‘垦保1号’中部荚数、中部荚粒数及中部粒重得到有效提升，较其余处理增幅分别为10.48%～44.26%、31.19%～58.68%和45.65%～73.50%；‘龙垦324’上部荚数、上部荚粒数及上部粒重显著增加，较其余处理增幅分别为2.94%～23.89%、6.80%～20.15%和2.91%～25.96%。综上，130 cm垄作+垄上4行栽培方式为黑龙江省西南部松嫩平原腹地大豆高产的适宜栽培方式。
英文摘要:
      In order to reveal the effects of cultivation methods on the growth and yield of soybean in the hinterland of the Songnen Plain in southwestern Heilongjiang Province, ‘Kenbao No.1’ and ‘Longken 324’ were used as test varieties. Under the same sowing density of 360 000 plants·hm-2, five different cultivation methods were set up, including 65 cm ridge + double rows on ridge (B1), 110 cm ridge + three rows on ridge (B2), 130 cm ridge + four rows on ridge (B3), 45 cm flat planting (B4), and 35 cm flat planting (B5). The effects of plant-row spacing configuration on agronomic traits, dry mass of different canopy layers, population characteristics, physiological metabolism, yield, and yield components of soybean were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the agronomic traits, physiological characteristics, dry mass of different canopy layers and theoretical yield of soybean under B3 treatment were higher than those under other treatments, pod number per plant and seed number per plant reached the highest. Among them, the theoretical yield of ‘Kenbao No.1’ reached 3 157 kg·hm-2, which was 15.49%-38.10% higher than that of other treatments. The theoretical yield of ‘ Longken 324’ was 2 935 kg·hm-2, which was 2.55%-17.71% higher than that of other treatments. The correlation analysis between different canopy layers and yield components showed that the number of middle pods, the number of middle seeds, and the middle seed weight of ‘Kenbao No.1’ were effectively increased under B3 treatment, which were 10.48%-44.26%, 31.19%-58.68%, and 45.65%-73.50% higher than those of other treatments, respectively. The number of upper pods, the number of upper seeds, and the weight of upper seeds of ‘Longken 324’ increased significantly by 2.94%-23.89%, 6.80%-20.15%, and 2.91%-25.96%, respectively, compared with other treatments. In summary, the 130 cm ridge + four rows on ridge cultivation is the suitable cultivation method for high\|yields of soybeans in the hinterland of Songnen Plain in southwestern Heilongjiang Province.
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