李亚伟,郑锦桓,张磊,董孔军,任瑞玉,何继红,刘天鹏,陈一酉,杨显凤,杨天育.西北旱作区氮肥有机替代对糜子干物质积累分配及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):14~23
西北旱作区氮肥有机替代对糜子干物质积累分配及产量的影响
Effects of organic manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of broomcorn millet in dryland areas of Northwest China
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.02
中文关键词:  糜子  氮肥有机替代  干物质积累分配  产量  氮肥利用率  Logistic方程
英文关键词:broomcorn millet  organic manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer  dry matter accumulation and distribution  yield  nitrogen use efficiency  Logistic equation
基金项目:甘肃省农业科学院博士基金（2023GAAS41）；甘肃省科技计划青年科技基金（26JRRA474）；甘肃省科技重大专项计划（25ZDNA002）；国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-06-14.5-A8）
作者单位
李亚伟 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
郑锦桓 甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 
张磊 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
董孔军 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
任瑞玉 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
何继红 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
刘天鹏 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
陈一酉 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
杨显凤 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
杨天育 甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 
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中文摘要:
      于2023—2024年度，以‘陇糜17号’为供试材料，设置单施无机氮肥(N，120 kg·hm-2)、氮肥100%有机替代(OM)、氮肥50%有机替代(NOM)和不施肥对照(CK)4个处理，探究氮肥不同有机替代比例对西北旱作区糜子干物质积累分配特征、氮肥利用率及产量形成的调控效应。结果表明：施肥可显著优化糜子干物质积累与分配特征。Logistic方程拟合分析发现，与CK相比，N、OM和NOM处理糜子渐增期的干物质平均积累速率分别显著提高40.6%~50.3%、20.9%~23.6%、30.7%~40.9%，干物质快增期持续时间分别显著延长3.9~4.2、2.1~2.9、1.9~3.3 d，缓增期持续时间分别显著延长4.9~5.3、2.6~3.7、2.3~4.1 d；各施肥处理通过提升干物质积累速率、延长积累持续时间，不同程度推迟糜子生育进程，N、OM和NOM处理生育期分别延长8.6~8.7、3.3~7.0、2.7~7.2 d，干物质积累量分别显著提高31.2%~31.3%、17.6%~19.1%和24.9%~26.6%，其中NOM处理成熟期干物质向营养器官分配比例较低，氮肥干物质生产效率显著提升。两年试验数据表明，N、OM和NOM处理糜子籽粒产量较CK分别显著提高45.9%~47.7%、23.1%~25.7%和44.0%~47.3%， 其中NOM处理产量基本与N持平，且显著高于OM处理；通径分析表明，穗数是影响糜子产量的首要因子，穗粒数次之。NOM处理氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率及氮肥偏生产力均显著高于OM，增幅分别为83.7%~88.5%、83.8%~90.3%、17.0%~17.2%。综上，50%氮肥有机替代模式可有效优化糜子干物质积累分配特征，兼顾高氮肥利用率与稳产效果，是西北旱作区实现糜子化肥减量、节本增效的适宜栽培模式。
英文摘要:
      During the 2023-2024 growing season, a field experiment was conducted using the broomcorn millet variety ‘Longmi 17’ as the test material. Four treatments were established: single application of nitrogen fertilizer (N), 100% organic manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer (OM), 50% organic manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer (NOM), and no fertilization control (CK). The regulatory effects of different organic replacement ratios of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield formation of broomcorn millet in the arid regions of Northwest China were investigated. The results showed that fertilization could significantly optimize the dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics of broomcorn millet. Logistic equation fitting analysis revealed that compared with CK, the average dry matter accumulation rate of N, OM, and NOM treatments during the gradual growth period was significantly increased by 40.6%-50.3%, 20.9%-23.6%, and 30.7%-40.9%, respectively. The duration of the rapid growth period of dry matter was significantly extended by 3.9-4.2, 2.1-2.9, and 1.9-3.3 days, respectively, and the duration of the slow growth period was significantly extended by 4.9-5.3, 2.6-3.7, and 2.3-4.1 days, respectively. All fertilization treatments delayed the growth process of broomcorn millet to varying degrees by increasing the dry matter accumulation rate and prolonging the accumulation duration. The growth periods of N, OM, and NOM treatments were extended by 8.6-8.7, 3.3-7.0, and 2.7-7.2 days, respectively, and the dry matter accumulation was significantly increased by 31.2%-31.3%, 17.6%-19.1%, and 24.9%-26.6%, respectively. Among these, the NOM treatment resulted in a lower proportion of dry matter distributed to vegetative organs at maturity and significantly improved nitrogen fertilizer dry matter production efficiency. Two-year experimental data indicated that the grain yield of broomcorn millet under N, OM, and NOM treatments was significantly increased by 45.9%-47.7%, 23.1%-25.7%, and 44.0%-47.3%, respectively, compared with CK. The yield of NOM treatment was basically the same as that of N, and was significantly higher than OM treatment. Path analysis showed that spike number was the primary factor affecting grain yield, followed by grain number per spike. Furthermore, the NOM treatment exhibited significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen than the OM treatment, with increases ranging from 83.7% to 88.5%, 83.8% to 90.3%, and 17.0% to 17.2%, respectively. In conclusion, 50% organic manure replacing nitrogen fertilizer (NOM) can effectively optimize dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics of broomcorn millet, achieving both high nitrogen use efficiency and stable yield. This practice is a suitable cultivation model for reducing chemical fertilizer input, lowering costs, and improving efficiency in the arid regions of Northwest China.
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