| 汪维强,王鑫,孟浩峰,李玲玲,王凤,王乐,许菁,袁京.水氮减量及沼渣沼液配施通过优化干物质积累与转运稳定玉米产量[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):55~67 |
| 水氮减量及沼渣沼液配施通过优化干物质积累与转运稳定玉米产量 |
| Reduced water and nitrogen inputs combined with biogas residue and slurry co\|application stabilizes maize yield via optimizing dry matter accumulation and translocation |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.06 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 水氮减量 沼液沼渣配施 干物质转运 产量 水氮肥利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:maize water and nitrogen reduction combined application of biogas slurry and biogas residue dry matter translocation yield water and nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1900305，2021YFD1900704）；国家自然科学基金（32460549）；甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目（25JRRA807）；甘肃省科技重大专项（22ZD6NA009） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 0 |
| 全文下载次数: 0 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明河西绿洲干旱灌区膜下滴灌玉米适宜的水氮减量及沼渣沼液替代化肥比例，依托2023—2024年田间定位试验，以常规水氮（灌溉量4 050 m3·hm-2+施氮量360 kg·hm-2，CK）和不施氮（N0）为对照，设置4个水氮减量+沼肥替代处理（50%沼渣替代基施氮肥，50%沼液替代追施氮肥）：减水15%+减氮15%（I1N1），减水30%+减氮15%（I2N1），减水15%+减氮30%（I1N2），减水30%+减氮30%（I2N2），探究不同处理对玉米光合性能、干物质积累转运、产量形成及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，I2N1处理玉米生育中后期叶面积指数和群体光合势均未表现出显著差异，叶片和茎秆干物质转运量分别显著提升9.71%和17.72%，叶片和茎秆干物质转运量对籽粒贡献率分别显著提高9.33%和17.35%；干物质积累最大增长速率显著提高6.02%，干物质最大增长速率出现时间提前1.9 d。与CK相比，I2N1处理两年产量及产量构成因素差异均未达显著水平，氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力两年平均分别显著提高20.04%和17.05%，水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率两年平均分别显著提高27.40%和43.36%，净效益和产投比最大，综合效益最佳。综上，河西绿洲干旱灌区膜下滴灌玉米采用减水30%+减氮15%+50%沼渣替代基施氮肥+50%沼液替代追施氮肥的模式，可通过优化干物质转运分配及提升水氮利用效率实现稳产增效。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the appropriate water and nitrogen reduction rates and chemical fertilizer substitution ratio of biogas residue and biogas slurry for maize under mulched drip irrigation in the Hexi Oasis Arid Irrigation Area, a two\|year (2023-2024) field positioning experiment was carried out. Two treatments were set as controls: conventional water and nitrogen management (irrigation amount 4 050 m3·hm-2 + nitrogen application rate 360 kg·hm-2, CK) and no nitrogen application (N0). Four combined treatments of water\|nitrogen reduction coupled with biogas fertilizer substitution (with 50% of basal nitrogen replaced by biogas residue and 50% of topdressed nitrogen replaced by biogas slurry) were designed, namely 15% water reduction + 15% nitrogen reduction (I1N1), 30% water reduction + 15% nitrogen reduction (I2N1), 15% water reduction + 30% nitrogen reduction (I1N2), and 30% water reduction + 30% nitrogen reduction (I2N2). The effects of different treatments on maize photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation and translocation, yield formation, and water\|nitrogen use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that compared with CK, the I2N1 treatment had no significant difference in leaf area index (LAI) and population photosynthetic potential at the middle and late growth stages of maize. The dry matter translocation amounts of leaves and stems significantly increased by 9.71% and 17.72%, respectively, and their contribution rates to grain significantly increased by 9.33% and 17.35%, respectively. The maximum growth rate of dry matter accumulation significantly increased by 6.02%, and the occurrence time of the maximum growth rate was advanced by 1.9 days. Compared with CK, the I2N1 treatment showed no significant differences in yield and yield components across the two years. The two\|year average nitrogen agronomic use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen significantly increased by 20.04% and 17.05%, respectively, while the two\|year average water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency significantly increased by 27.40% and 43.36%, respectively. The I2N1 treatment achieved the highest net income and output\|input ratio, presenting the optimal comprehensive benefit. In conclusion, the production pattern of 30% water reduction + 15% nitrogen reduction combined with 50% biogas residue substitution for basal nitrogen and 50% biogas slurry substitution for topdressed nitrogen can realize stable yield and efficiency improvement for mulched drip\|irrigated maize in the Hexi Oasis Arid Irrigation Area by optimizing dry matter translocation and distribution as well as enhancing water and nitrogen use efficiency. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |