| 池昇隆,孔德庸,安源,郭伟,孙海燕.化肥减量配施有机肥对土壤碳库、微生物群落及玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):68~78 |
| 化肥减量配施有机肥对土壤碳库、微生物群落及玉米产量的影响 |
| Effect of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on soil carbon pool, microbial community, and maize yield |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.07 |
| 中文关键词: 化肥减量 有机肥 土壤有机碳组分 碳库管理指数 土壤微生物群落 玉米产量 |
| 英文关键词:chemical fertilizer reduction organic fertilizer soil organic carbon fractions carbon pool management index (CPMI) soil microbial community maize yield |
| 基金项目:黑龙江省“双一流”学科协同创新成果建设项目（LJGXCG2022-107）；国家重点研发计划课题（2023YFD2303303）；黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目（YJSCX2024-Y08） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确不同类型及用量有机肥在化肥减量条件下对土壤碳库、微生物功能及玉米生产力的协同调控效应，采用40~90 cm宽窄垄免耕模式，设置6个施肥处理：常规施肥（CF），化肥减量20%（RF），化肥减量20%配施200 kg·hm-2腐植酸有机肥（RFH1），化肥减量20%配施330 kg·hm-2腐植酸有机肥(RFH2),化肥减量20%配施200 kg·hm-2鸡粪有机肥(RFO1),化肥减量20%配施330 kg·hm-2鸡粪有机肥(RFO2)，通过系统分析土壤碳库构成、有机碳活性组分、微生物群落特征及玉米产量，并结合碳库管理指数（CPMI）评估综合效果。结果表明，在玉米各生育时期，RFO2处理土壤碳库指标表现最优，其土壤总碳（TC）、有机碳（SOC）、无机碳（SIC）含量较CF显著提高13.6%~32.8%，易氧化有机碳（ROC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）和轻组有机碳（LFOC）含量增幅达20.2%~67.9%；有机肥处理的CPMI较CF和RF处理显著提高37.7%~77.8%，RFO2处理最高。微生物群落分析表明，RFH2和RFO2处理的微生物特有OTU数目、物种丰富度和群落多样性显著优于单施化肥处理。RFO2处理玉米籽粒产量较CF和RF处理分别显著提高13.9%和36.6%，增产效果最优。综上，化肥减量20%配施有机肥可通过优化土壤碳库构成、提升有机碳活性组分含量与改善微生物群落结构，协同提高玉米产量，高量鸡粪配施减量化肥处理综合效果最佳，可作为东北黑土区适宜的玉米绿色施肥模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the synergistic regulatory effects of different types and application rates of organic fertilizer on soil carbon pools, microbial functions, and maize productivity under chemical fertilizer reduction, a no\|tillage system with wide\|narrow ridges of 40-90 cm was adopted, and six fertilization treatments were established: CF (conventional fertilization), RF (20% chemical fertilizer reduction), RFH1 (20% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with 200 kg·hm-2 humic acid organic fertilizer), RFH2 (20% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with 330 kg·hm-2 humic acid organic fertilizer), RFO1 (20% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with 200 kg·hm-2 chicken manure organic fertilizer), and RFO2 (20% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with 330 kg·hm-2 chicken manure organic fertilizer). The soil carbon pool composition, active organic carbon fractions, microbial community characteristics, and maize yield were systematically analyzed, and the comprehensive effect was evaluated by combining the carbon pool management index (CPMI). The results showed that RFO2 treatment had the best soil carbon pool index at each growth stage of maize. The content of soil total carbon (TC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) was significantly increased by 13.6% to 32.8% compared to CF, and the content of readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) was increased by 20.2% to 67.9%. The CPMI of the organic fertilizer treatments was significantly higher than that of CF and RF by 37.7% to 77.8%, with the highest CPMI in the RFO2 treatment. Microbial community analysis indicated that the RFO2 and RFH2 treatments had higher numbers of unique OTUs, richness, and diversity than single application of chemical fertilizer treatments. The maize grain yield in the RFO2 treatment was significantly increased by 13.9% and 36.6% compared to CF and RF, respectively, being the highest among all treatments. In conclusion, 20% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer can optimize soil carbon pool composition, enhance active organic carbon fractions and microbial functions, and synergistically increase maize yield. The RFO2 treatment achieves the most comprehensive benefits, which can be recommended as an eco\|friendly fertilization regime suitable for maize production in the black soil region of Northeast China. |
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