| 田瑞斌,魏恺全,蒋丛泽,李中利,吴佩,李慧婷,杨宪龙,路永莉.陇中半干旱区马铃薯间作模式及种植密度对作物产量及水氮利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):110~120 |
| 陇中半干旱区马铃薯间作模式及种植密度对作物产量及水氮利用的影响 |
| Effects of potato intercropping patterns and planting densities on crop yield and water\|nitrogen use efficiency in the semi\|arid area of Longzhong |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.11 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 间作 种植密度 产量 水氮利用效率 种间关系 |
| 英文关键词:potato intercropping planting density yield water and nitrogen use efficiency interspecific relationship |
| 基金项目:干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室开放基金（GSCS-2022-06）；国家自然科学基金地区基金（32260809） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为筛选陇中黄土高原半干旱区适宜的马铃薯间作模式及间作作物合理种植密度，在马铃薯单作(P)、蚕豆单作(B)、玉米单作(M)的基础上，设置马铃薯//玉米(P//M)和马铃薯//蚕豆(P//B) 2种间作模式；每种间作模式下，玉米和蚕豆分别设置常规密度(D)、增密25% (D25)、增密50% (D50)共3个密度水平，系统分析不同间作模式及种植密度对马铃薯间作系统作物产量、水氮利用及种间关系的影响。结果表明：与单作相比，马铃薯与蚕豆间作系统更具产量优势，土地当量比 (LER) 大于1，其中P//BD50（蚕豆增密50%）的土地当量比最高(1.32)。系统产量以P//MD（玉米常规密度）和P//BD50处理最高，分别为3.32 t·hm-2和3.15 t·hm-2，较M、B分别增产20.8%、121.9%。水氮利用方面，P//MD处理的经济产量水分生产力、经济产量氮肥偏生产力均显著高于玉米单作；P//BD50处理的经济产量水分生产力、经济产量氮肥偏生产力均显著高于蚕豆单作。种间竞争方面，各间作处理竞争力 (A) 均大于0、竞争比率 (CR) 均大于1，表明玉米、蚕豆资源竞争能力均强于马铃薯；P//BD50处理的竞争力最大(1.13)，表明蚕豆高密度种植有利于提高其竞争优势。综合评价显示，在陇中黄土高原半干旱区，马铃薯与蚕豆间作，且蚕豆种植密度为240 000株·hm-2 (P//BD50) 的种植模式综合表现最优，适宜在该地区推广种植。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to screen the suitable potato intercropping mode and the reasonable planting density of intercropping crops in the semi\|arid area of the Loess Plateau in Longzhong, two intercropping modes of potato//maize (P//M) and potato//faba bean (P//B) were set up on the basis of potato monoculture (P), faba bean monoculture (B), and maize monoculture (M). In each intercropping pattern, maize and faba bean were set up at three density levels of conventional density (D), 25% density increase (D25), and 50% density increase (D50), respectively. The effects of different intercropping patterns and planting densities on crop yield, water and nitrogen utilization, and interspecific relationships in the potato intercropping system were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with monoculture, the potato\|faba bean intercropping system had more yield advantages, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) was greater than 1. The land equivalent ratio of P//BD50 (faba bean density increased by 50%) was the highest (1.32). The yield of P//MD (conventional density of maize) and P//BD50 treatments were the highest, which were 3.32 and 3.15 t·hm-2, respectively, which were 20.8% and 121.9% higher than those of M and B, respectively. In terms of water and nitrogen utilization, the economic yield water productivity and economic yield nitrogen partial productivity of P//MD treatment were significantly higher than those of maize monoculture. The economic yield water productivity and economic yield nitrogen partial productivity of P//BD50 treatment were significantly higher than those of faba bean monoculture. In terms of interspecific competition, the competitiveness (A) of each intercropping treatment was greater than 0, and the competition ratio (CR) was greater than 1, indicating that the resource competitiveness of maize and faba bean was stronger than that of potato. The competitiveness of P//BD50 treatment was the highest (1.13), indicating that high\|density planting of faba bean was beneficial to improve its competitive advantage. The comprehensive evaluation showed that in the semi\|arid region of the Loess Plateau in Longzhong, the planting pattern of potato and faba bean intercropping with a planting density of 240 000 plants·hm-2 (P//BD50) had the best comprehensive performance, which was suitable for planting in this area. |
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