| 王雪纯,谭雪莲,刘晓伟,杨思存,张平良.轮作复种绿肥油菜对半干旱区土壤理化性状、马铃薯产量及水氮利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):121~128 |
| 轮作复种绿肥油菜对半干旱区土壤理化性状、马铃薯产量及水氮利用的影响 |
| Effects of crop rotation with green manure rapeseed on soil physicochemical properties, potato yield, and water and nitrogen utilization in semi\|arid areas |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.12 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 复种配合轮作模式 绿肥 土壤理化性状 产量 水氮利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:potato multiple cropping combined with rotation pattern green manure soil physicochemical properties yield water and nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32260550）;兰州市科技计划项目（2025-2-70）;甘肃省重点研发计划项目（22YF7NA037) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为解决西北黄土丘陵半干旱区马铃薯连作障碍、土壤地力退化及资源利用效率低下等问题，依托2022—2024年田间定位试验，设置马铃薯连作（R1）、小麦-玉米-马铃薯轮作（R2）、春小麦复种油菜-玉米-马铃薯轮作（R3）3个种植模式，分析不同轮作模式对土壤理化性状、马铃薯产量品质及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：（1）轮作处理显著改善了0~20 cm土层土壤理化性状。与R1相比，R2和R3处理土壤容重分别降低5.79%和10.74%，孔隙度分别增加10.38%和9.04%，>2 mm粒级土壤团聚体含量分别提高53.76%和65.31%，>0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量（R0.25）分别提高12.20%和16.47%，几何平均直径（GMD）分别提高44.44%和62.22%，其中R3处理改善效果更优。（2）在土壤化学性质方面，R3较R1处理有机质、速效钾含量分别显著提高9.20%、8.89%，pH值提升4.27%；铵态氮含量提高972.00%，且显著优于R2。（3）轮作处理可显著提升马铃薯产量与商品品质。与R1相比，R2和R3处理产量分别提高31.20%和42.00%，商品薯率分别提高26.41%和33.19%，水分利用效率分别提高37.75%和45.91%，氮肥偏生产力分别提高31.21%和42.00%，其中R3处理优势更为突出。综上，在西北黄土丘陵半干旱区，春小麦复种油菜-玉米-马铃薯轮作模式（R3）可显著改善土壤理化性状，提升土壤肥力，并协同提高马铃薯产量、商品薯率及水氮利用效率，是该区域兼顾马铃薯生态效益与生产效益的适宜轮作模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the issues of continuous cropping obstacles, soil degradation, and low resource use efficiency in potato production in the semi\|arid loess hilly region of Northwest China, a field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024. Three cropping patterns were designed: potato continuous cropping (R1), wheat\|maize\|potato rotation (R2), and spring wheat multiple cropping with rapeseed\|maize\|potato rotation (R3). The effects of different rotation patterns on soil physicochemical properties, potato yield and quality, and water and nitrogen use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Rotation treatments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties in the 0 to 20 cm layer. Compared with R1, R2 and R3 decreased soil bulk density by 5.79% and 10.74%, increased porosity by 10.38% and 9.04%, increased >2 mm aggregate content by 53.76% and 65.31%, increased R0.25 (>0.25 mm aggregate content) by 12.20% and 16.47%, and increased geometric mean diameter (GMD) by 44.44% and 62.22%, respectively, with R3 showing better improvement. (2) In terms of soil chemical properties, R3 significantly increased organic matter content by 9.20%, readily available potassium content by 8.89%, pH by 4.27%, and ammonium nitrogen content by 972.00% compared with R1, and these values were significantly higher than those of R2. (3) Rotation treatments significantly increased potato yield and quality. Compared with R1, R2 and R3 increased yield by 31.20% and 42.00%, marketable tuber rate by 26.41% and 33.19%, water use efficiency by 37.75% and 45.91%, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 31.21% and 42.00%, respectively, with R3 showing more prominent advantages. In conclusion, in the semi\|arid loess hilly region of Northwest China, the spring wheat multiple cropping with rapeseed followed by maize and potato rotation (R3) significantly improves soil physicochemical properties, enhances soil fertility, and synergistically increases potato yield, marketable tuber rate, and water and nitrogen use efficiency, making it the optimal pattern superior to conventional rotation. |
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