| 王学文,康建军,向茂红,李文德,姜青龙,丁亮.甜高粱根茬全量还田配施氮肥对土壤理化特性、玉米产量及水氮利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):129~138 |
| 甜高粱根茬全量还田配施氮肥对土壤理化特性、玉米产量及水氮利用的影响 |
| Effects of full return of sweet sorghum root stubble with nitrogen application on the soil physicochemical properties, yield, and water and nitrogen utilization of corn |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.13 |
| 中文关键词: 根茬全量还田 氮肥配施 玉米 土壤理化特性 产量 水氮利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:root stubble full return nitrogen application corn soil physicochemical properties yield water and nitrogen utilization efficiency |
| 基金项目:甘肃省科技计划重点研发（国际合作领域）项目（25YFWA009）；甘肃省张掖市甘州区科技计划项目（GZ2024rc09） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 明确河西走廊绿洲甜高粱根茬全量还田与氮肥配施的协同效应，以玉米品种‘德玉3000’为供试材料，设置两个对照处理：CK1（根茬不还田+不施氮）、CK2（根茬全量还田+不施氮），通过连续3 a田间试验，探究甜高粱根茬全量还田配施纯氮150 kg·hm-2（NT1）、300 kg·hm-2（NT2）和450 kg·hm-2（NT3）3个处理对土壤理化特性、玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：根茬全量还田配施氮肥3 a后，NT2处理对改善土壤理化特性、提高玉米产量及水氮利用效率的综合作用效果最佳。与对照（CK1和CK2）相比，NT2处理使土壤容重降低5.7%~14.2%，土壤孔隙度增加3.5%~6.0%；耕层土壤有机碳含量较CK1显著增加216.4%，全氮含量增加69.0%~75.0%，土壤碳氮比介于21.1~22.9；同时，NT2处理使耕层土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别显著提高30.7%~75.7%、14.1%~37.4%和19.4%~47.3%，玉米水分利用效率显著提高56.8%~181.1%。在氮肥利用效率方面，NT2处理的氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用率较NT1和NT3处理分别增加155.7%~225.4%、10.3%~18.7%。拟合曲线结果表明，甜高粱根茬全量还田3 a后，施氮量为310.0 kg·hm-2时，玉米种子产量达到最大的9.3 t·hm-2，过高或过低氮肥施用量均不利于种子产量提升。综合来看，将氮施用量调控在300~310 kg·hm-2范围内，结合甜高粱根茬全量还田模式，可兼顾氮肥减施、玉米高产及水氮利用效率提升的目标，是河西走廊绿洲适宜的农田管理技术方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the synergistic effect of the full return of sweet sorghum stubble and nitrogen application in the oasis of the Hexi Corridor, the corn variety ‘Deyu 3000’ was used as the test material. Two control treatments were set up: CK1 (no stubble returning + no nitrogen application) and CK2 (total stubble returning + no nitrogen application). Through three consecutive years of field experiments, the effects of total returning of sweet sorghum stubble with nitrogen application of 150 kg·hm-2 (NT1), 300 kg·hm-2 (NT2), and 450 kg·hm-2 (NT3) on soil properties, corn yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that after 3 years of root stubble full returning with nitrogen application, the NT2 treatment (300 kg·hm-2) had the best comprehensive effect on improving soil physicochemical properties, increasing corn yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with the control (CK1 and CK2), NT2 treatment reduced soil bulk density by 5.7%-14.2%, increased soil porosity by 3.5%-6.0%. Compared with CK1, the soil organic carbon contnet in the plough layer increased by 216.4%, the total nitrogen content increased by 69.0%-75.0%, and the soil carbon\|nitrogen ratio was between 21.1-22.9. At the same time, NT2 treatment significantly increased the contents of alkali\|hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in topsoil by 30.7%-75.7%, 14.1%-37.4%, and 19.4%-47.3%, respectively, and significantly increased the water use efficiency of corn by 56.8%-181.1%. Moreover, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of the NT2 treatment were 155.7%-225.4% and 10.3%-18.7% higher than those of the NT1 and NT3 treatments, respectively. The fitting curve results showed that the seed yield reached the maximum of 9.3 t·hm-2 when the nitrogen application rate was 310 kg·hm-2 after 3 years of root stubble full returning. Too high or too low nitrogen application rate was not conducive to the increase of seed yield. Overall, regulating the amount of nitrogen application in the range of 300-310 kg·hm-2, combined with the full returning of sweet sorghum stubble mode, can take into account the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer, the high yield of corn, and the improvement of water and nitrogen use efficiency. It is a suitable farmland management technical scheme in the oasis of the Hexi Corridor. |
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