| 朱娟娟,燕佳宁,马海军,施磊,祁文凯,赵豪豪.设施栽培下葡萄品种与整形方式的适配性及品质效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):139~150 |
| 设施栽培下葡萄品种与整形方式的适配性及品质效应 |
| Compatibility between grape varieties and training systems and their effects on fruit quality under protected cultivation |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.14 |
| 中文关键词: 葡萄品种 整形方式 适配性 物候期 果实品质 贺兰山东麓 |
| 英文关键词:grape varieties training system compatibility phenological period fruit quality the estern foot of the Helan Mountains |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区科技创新领军人才项目（2022GKLRLX07）；北方民族大学高层次选培人才项目（2025） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确宁夏贺兰山东麓银川产区日光温室条件下优质鲜食葡萄‘澳洲无核’与‘妮娜皇后’的适宜整形方式，设置棚架T形、篱架T形和篱架H形3种整形方式，系统探究不同整形方式对两个葡萄品种物候期和果实品质的影响。结果显示，整形方式对葡萄物候进程的调控存在显著品种特异性：‘澳洲无核’在棚架T形方式下果实成熟期较其余架式提前1~2 d，‘妮娜皇后’则在篱架T形处理下萌芽更早、果实成熟周期更短。品种间比较，‘澳洲无核’果实总糖含量和果皮亮度分别较‘妮娜皇后’显著提高3.55%和8.64%，而pH值、总酚、类黄酮、花色苷含量及果皮韧性分别降低11.08%、9.79%、4.57%、30.60%、31.74%，且品种与整形方式的交互作用对果实品质指标存在显著影响。各整形方式可定向优化葡萄品质：‘澳洲无核’棚架T形处理果实可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、总糖、花色苷含量及a*（红色度）最高，分别较篱架T形和篱架H形提高10.3%和8.2%、16.4%和12.1%、15.0%和9.8%、140.4%和107.0%、19.2%和68.3%；篱架T形处理果实总酚和类黄酮含量及L*、C*（色彩饱和度）、H°（色调角）和果实硬度最高，分别较棚架T形和篱架H形提高23.1%和35.4%、28.2%和46.2%、16.3%和1.18%、0.61%和32.9%、156.3%和28.5%及86.7%和11.9%；篱架H形处理果实pH值和果皮韧性最高，分别较棚架T形和篱架T形提高15.5%和21.7%、101.0%和14.7%。‘妮娜皇后’在棚架T形处理下果实可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酚和类黄酮含量及pH值、a*和C*均最高，分别较篱架T形和篱架H形提高12.7%和3.1%、24.8%和6.8%、19.3%和4.4%、5.6%和4.3%、6.4%和7.3%、4.4%和14.6%、204.4%和37.1%、46.0%和33.8%；篱架T形处理果实糖酸比最低（54.8），而L*、b*（黄色度）、H°值最高，分别达38.35、5.64和66.02，且果皮韧性最优，分别较棚架T形和篱架H形高48.7%和22.0%；篱架H形处理果实花色苷含量最高，较棚架T形和篱架T形分别提高127.5%和121.3%。基于灰色关联度综合分析，‘澳洲无核’在篱架T形处理下综合得分最高（0.648），该方式协同提升了抗氧化物质含量与果实硬度；‘妮娜皇后’在棚架T形处理下综合得分最高（0.627），该方式有利于糖酸积累与色泽优化。综上，宁夏贺兰山东麓银川产区日光温室栽培中，初步推荐篱架T形适宜作为‘澳洲无核’的整形方式，棚架T形适宜作为‘妮娜皇后’的整形方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To determine the optimal training systems for the premium table grape varieties ‘Australia seedless’ and ‘Nina Queen’ under solar greenhouse conditions in the Yinchuan region at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountains, Ningxia, three training systems, including T-shaped arbour, T-shaped hedgerow, and H-shaped hedgerow, were established to systematically investigate their effects on the phenology and fruit quality of both varieties. The results showed that the regulation of grape phenological progression by training systems exhibited significant cultivar specificity. The T-shaped arbour system advanced the fruit ripening stage of ‘Australia seedless’ by 1-2 days compared to the other systems, whereas the T-shaped hedgerow trellis led to earlier budbreak and a shorter fruit ripening period in ‘Nina Queen’. In the inter-cultivar comparison, the total sugar content and skin lightness of ‘Australia seedless’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Nina Queen’ by 3.55% and 8.64%, respectively; conversely, the pH value, total phenolic, flavonoids, and anthocyanin contents, and peel toughness were significantly lower by 11.08%, 9.79%, 4.57%, 30.60%, and 31.74%, respectively. Additionally, cultivar and training system had a significant interaction effect on fruit quality indicators. Different training systems selectively optimized specific grape quality parameters. For ‘Australian seedless’, under the T-shaped arbour treatment, the fruit titratable acid content, soluble solids content, total sugar content, anthocyanin content, and a* value (redness) were the highest, which were, respectively, 10.3% and 8.2%, 16.4% and 12.1%, 15.0% and 9.8%, 140.4% and 107.0%, and 19.2% and 68.3% higher than those under the T-shaped hedgerow and the H-shaped hedgerowe. Under the T-shaped hedgerow treatment, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents, L*, C* (chroma), and H° (hue angle) values, and fruit hardness were the highest, which were, respectively, 23.1% and 35.4%, 28.2% and 46.2%, 16.3% and 1.18%, 0.61% and 32.9%, 156.3% and 28.5%, and 86.7% and 11.9% higher than those under the T-shaped arbour and H-shaped hedgerow. Under the H-shaped hedgerow treatment, the fruit pH value and peel toughness were the highest, which were, respectively, 15.5% and 21.7%, and 101.0% and 14.7% higher than those under the T-shaped arbour and T-shaped hedgerow. For ‘Nina Queen’, under the T-shaped arbour treatment, the fruit titratable acid, soluble solids, total sugar, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents, as well as pH value, a*, and C* were all the highest, which were, respectively, 12.7% and 3.1%, 24.8% and 6.8%, 19.3% and 4.4%, 5.6% and 4.3%, 6.4% and 7.3%, 4.4% and 14.6%, 204.4% and 37.1%, and 46.0% and 33.8% higher than those under the T-shaped hedgerow and the H-shaped hedgerow. Under the T-shaped hedgerow treatment, the fruit sugar-acid ratio was the lowest at only 54.8, while the L*, b* (yellowness), and H° were the highest, reaching 38.35, 5.64, and 66.02, respectively, and the peel toughness was optimal, which was 48.7% and 22.0% higher than that under the T-shaped arbour and the H-shaped hedgerow. Under the H-shaped hedgerow treatment, the fruit anthocyanin content was the highest, which was 127.5% and 121.3% higher than that under the T-shaped arbour and the T-shaped hedgerow, respectively. Based on the grey relational analysis, ‘Australia seedless’ achieved the highest comprehensive score (0.648) under the T-shaped hedgerow, which synergistically improved the antioxidant content and fruit hardness. Meanwhile, ‘Nina Queen’ obtained the highest comprehensive score (0.627) under the T-shaped arbour, a system that facilitated sugar and acid accumulation as well as color optimization. In conclusion, for solar greenhouse cultivation in the Yinchuan region at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountains, Ningxia, the T-shaped hedgerow is recommended preliminarily as the optimal training system for ‘Australia seedless’, while the T-shaped arbour is optimal for ‘Nina Queen’. |
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