不同耕作方式对灌溉农田土壤碳库的影响

霍琳; 刘小刚; 王成宝; 杨思存; 白有帅; 温美娟

霍琳,刘小刚,王成宝,杨思存,白有帅,温美娟.不同耕作方式对灌溉农田土壤碳库的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):151~159

不同耕作方式对灌溉农田土壤碳库的影响

Effects of different tillage methods on soil carbon pool in irrigated farmland

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.15

英文关键词:tillage methods irrigated farmland soil carbon pool carbon pool management index (CPMI) Gansu Yellow River irrigation areas

基金项目:甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目(2026GAAS13, 2025GAAS29)

作者	单位
霍琳	甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州 730070；国家农业科学白银观测实验站,甘肃兰州 730070
刘小刚	甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州 730070；国家农业科学白银观测实验站,甘肃兰州 730070
王成宝	甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州 730070；国家农业科学白银观测实验站,甘肃兰州 730070
杨思存	甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州 730070
白有帅	甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州 730070；国家农业科学白银观测实验站,甘肃兰州 730070
温美娟	甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州 730070；国家农业科学白银观测实验站,甘肃兰州 730070

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中文摘要:

为探究不同耕作方式对甘肃引黄灌区土壤碳库特征的调控效应，依托国家农业科学白银观测实验站6 a长期定位试验，设置旋耕（RT）、免耕（NT）、深松（ST）及深松+秸秆还田（STS）4种耕作处理，系统分析0～40 cm土层土壤易氧化有机碳含量（LOC）、土壤有机碳含量（SOC）、土壤有机碳储量（SOCS）、土壤容重及土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）的变化规律。结果表明：与RT相比，NT、ST、STS处理均显著提高0～20 cm土层LOC和SOC，STS处理效果最优，该土层LOC、SOC和SOCS分别提高48.92%、23.57%、7.16%，土壤容重降低10.91%； 20～40 cm土层，仅STS处理显著提升土壤碳库指标，LOC、SOC和SOCS分别增加66.10%、 33.40%、22.54%，土壤容重降低5.23%。同时，STS处理0～20 cm和 20～40 cm土层的CPMI分别较RT增加84.12%和105.95%。冗余分析表明，耕作方式对土壤碳库组分变异的累计解释率达61.65%～68.59%，并显著改变碳组分关联特征：STS处理通过外源碳输入和土壤结构改良协同实现LOC-SOC-CPI正向耦合；ST处理可提升深层土壤碳活性，但稳定碳含量较低；NT处理能维持土壤碳稳态，但碳库功能单一；RT处理因土壤扰动剧烈，造成碳组分关系紊乱。综上，深松配合秸秆还田（STS）可有效优化土壤碳库结构，提升土壤固碳能力，是甘肃引黄灌区灌溉农田适宜的耕作模式。

英文摘要:

To investigate the regulation effects of different tillage methods on the characteristics of soil carbon pool in the Yellow River irrigation area of Gansu Province, based on a six\|year long\|term mechanized operation experiment of the Baiyin National Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station, four tillage treatments were set up, including rotary tillage (RT), no\|tillage (NT), subsoiling (ST), and subsoiling combined with straw incorparation (STS). The changes of soil labile organic carbon content (LOC), soil organic carbon content (SOC), soil organic carbon storage (SOCS), soil bulk density, and soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) in the 0-40 cm soil layer were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with RT, NT, ST, and STS treatments significantly increased LOC and SOC in the 0-20 cm layer, and STS treatment had the greatest effect. LOC, SOC, and SOCS in this soil layer increased by 48.92%, 23.57%, and 7.16%, respectively, and soil bulk density decreased by 10.91%. In the 20-40 cm soil layer, STS treatment significantly increased the carbon pool index, LOC,SOC, and SOCS increased by 66.10%, 33.40%, and 22.54%,respectively, and soil bulk density decreased by 5.23%. Compared with RT, STS treatment increased CPMI by 84.12% and 105.95% in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA)indicated that different tillage methods accounted for 61.65% to 68.59% of the variance in soil carbon pool components and influenced their interrelationships. The STS treatment synergistically established a positive LOC-SOC-CPI coupling relationship through carbon input and structural improvement. The ST treatment enhanced deep soil carbon activity but had relatively lower stable carbon content. The NT treatment maintained carbon homeostasis but exhibited limited carbon pool functionality. The RT treatment, due to intense soil disturbance, caused disorganized correlations among carbon components. In summary, subsoiling combined with straw incorporation (STS) can effectively optimize the structure of the soil carbon pool and enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity, which is a suitable tillage mode for the farmland in the Yellow River irrigation area of Gansu Province.

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