| 甄千慧,柴薇薇,郭晓农,刘丽霞,冯玉兰.适度盐胁迫下甘草生长、药用活性成分积累及转录组特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):182~193 |
| 适度盐胁迫下甘草生长、药用活性成分积累及转录组特征分析 |
| Analysis of growth, accumulation of pharmaceutically active compounds, and transcriptomome characteristics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under moderate salt stress |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.18 |
| 中文关键词: 乌拉尔甘草 盐胁迫 药用活性成分 转录组 差异表达基因 |
| 英文关键词:Glycyrrhiza uralensis salt stress pharmaceutical active ingredients transcriptome differentially expressed genes |
| 基金项目:西北民族大学中央高校基本科研业务经费（31920210056）；西北民族大学2021年引进人才科研项目（xbmuyjrc2021013）;西北民族大学教育教学改革研究重点项目（2025ZDJG-07） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以乌拉尔甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.）幼苗为试验材料，探究25、50、100、200 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理对其苗期生长状况和药用活性物质含量的影响，同时结合转录组测序技术解析其分子调控机制。结果表明，盐胁迫处理35 d后，低浓度盐处理未对甘草幼苗产生抑制伤害，其中50 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理可显著促进幼苗生长，该浓度下幼苗株高、主根长度及甘草叶和根干质量分别较对照增加53.32%、16.93%、60.31%和72.73%（P<0.05）；而高浓度盐处理对甘草幼苗产生毒害作用，200 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理显著抑制植株生长。在药用品质调控层面，50 mmol·L-1 NaCl 处理可有效促进甘草多糖、黄酮、皂苷以及生物碱等药用活性成分积累，处理35 d后，甘草叶和根组织中多糖含量分别提高12.91%和8.32%，总黄酮含量分别提高66.67%和51.72%，总皂苷含量分别提高50.41%和32.49%，生物碱含量分别提高35.30%和39.22%（P<0.05）。基于50 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下甘草叶片转录组测序数据，筛选鉴定出16个参与药用活性成分生物合成相关的差异表达基因。功能分析表明，半乳糖醛酸转移酶编码基因GAUT和1,4-α-葡聚糖分支酶1编码基因GBE1均在盐处理24 h时显著下调，表达差异倍数分别为-2.7和-2.1，推测二者参与调控甘草多糖合成代谢；2-酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶编码基因FLS、4-香豆酸∶辅酶A连接酶编码基因4CL、查尔酮合酶编码基因CHS均在盐处理6 h和24 h显著上调，差异倍数分别为1.1倍，1.3倍和2.1倍，有助于黄酮类化合物的合成；皂苷合成关键酶编码基因CYP在盐处理后表达量亦显著上调，差异表达3.7倍；生物碱合成调控转录因子MYC2和WRKY33在盐处理24 h后分别上调1.4倍和2.7倍。综上，50 mmol·L-1适宜浓度盐胁迫可协同促进甘草幼苗生物量积累，同时大幅提升核心药用活性成分含量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings were used as materials to study the effects of 25 mmol·L-1, 50 mmol·L-1, 100 mmol·L-1, and 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment on their growth status and content of pharmaceutically active compounds, while transcriptomic analysis was applied to reveal molecular mechanisms. The results showed that after 35 days of salt stress treatment, low\|concentration salt treatment did not cause inhibitory damage to seedlings. Among them, the 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment could significantly promote the growth of seedlings. The plant height, main root length, and dry mass of leaf and root increased by 53.32%, 16.93%, 60.31%,and 72.73%, respectively (P<0.05 ). The high concentration of salt treatment had a toxic effect on seedlings and 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment significantly inhibited plant growth. At the level of pharmaceutical quality regulation, 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment could effectively promote the accumulation of pharmaceutically active compounds such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. After 35 days of treatment, the content of polysaccharides in leaves and roots increased by 12.91% and 8.32%, respectively. The contents of total flavonoids increased by 66.67% and 51.72%, respectively. The contents of total saponins increased by 50.41% and 32.49%, respectively,and the contents of alkaloids increased by 35.30% and 39.22%, respectively (P<0.05). Based on the transcriptome sequencing data of G.uralensis leaves under 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment, 16 differentially expressed genes involved in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds were screened and identified. Function analysis showed that galacturonosyltransferase gene (GAUT) and 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme 1 gene (GBE1) were significantly down\|regulated at 24 h, with fold changes of -2.7 and -2.1, respectively, suggesting their involvement in polysaccharide metabolism. The 2-ketoglutarate\|dependent dioxygenase encoding gene (FLS), 4-coumaric arid∶coenzyme A ligase encoding gene (4CL), and the chalcone synthase encoding gene (CHS) were significantly up\|regulated at 6 h and 24 h of salt treatment, and the difference folds were 1.1 times, 1.3 times, and 2.1 times, respectively, which contributed to the synthesis of flavonoids. The expression of CYP, a key enzyme encoding gene for saponin synthesis, was also significantly upregulated after salt treatment, and the differential expression was 3.7 times. Alkaloid synthesis regulatory transcription factors MYC2 and WRKY33 were up\|regulated by 1.4 times and 2.7 times, respectively, after salt treatment for 24 h. In summary, the appropriate concentration of salt stress at 50 mmol·L-1 could promote the growth of G.uralensis and significantly increase the content of core pharmaceutically active compounds. |
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