| 景向崇,李瑞平,范理权,张寅,王宁.河套灌区冻融期土壤水盐离子对秋耕措施与秋浇定额的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):208~220 |
| 河套灌区冻融期土壤水盐离子对秋耕措施与秋浇定额的响应 |
| Responses of soil water and salt ions to autumn tillage measures and autumn irrigation quota during freeze\|thaw period in Hetao Irrigation District |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.20 |
| 中文关键词: 秋耕措施 秋浇定额 季节性冻融 水盐运移 盐分离子 河套灌区 |
| 英文关键词:autumn tillage measures autumn irrigation quota seasonal freeze\|thaw water and salt transport salt ions Hetao Irrigation District |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52069021，U2443210）；内蒙古自治区水利科技专项（NSLKJ2024002）;内蒙古农业大学旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室(SQ2024SKL08048) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明深度节水秋浇背景下盐渍化灌区冻融土壤水分、盐分及离子迁移规律及其对秋耕措施与秋浇定额的响应机制，以内蒙古河套灌区为研究对象，设置3种秋耕措施（免耕、翻耕、翻耕配合激光平地）和两种秋浇定额（1 500 m3·hm-2、2 000 m3·hm-2），分析冻融期土壤水盐离子迁移机制、盐分离子相关性及盐分淋洗效果，筛选最优田间调控组合。结果表明：（1）翻耕配合激光平地措施具有较好的保水和除盐效果。秋浇后该措施下表层土壤含水率比翻耕提高6.29%，耕层土壤脱盐率比免耕相对提高31.47%；1 500 m3·hm-2秋浇定额下，葵花春播期耕层土壤含水率为20.72%、含盐量为0.93 g·kg-1，能够满足葵花生长需求。增大秋浇定额可显著提升翻耕、翻耕配合激光平地措施下40~100 cm土层土壤脱盐率，2 000 m3·hm-2较1 500 m3·hm-2定额脱盐率分别提高31.63%和19.71%。（2）翻耕措施下冻结期土壤水盐迁移量显著高于免耕，稳定冻结期1 500 m3·hm-2定额下翻耕措施0~60 cm土层土壤含水率和含盐量较免耕分别提高40.89%和32.74%。（3）翻耕与翻耕配合激光平地措施可提高秋浇后耕层HCO-3含量，较免耕平均增加0.255 g·kg-1；冻融期土壤盐分变化主控离子为K++Na+、SO2-4和Cl-，1 500 m3·hm-2秋浇定额+翻耕配合激光平地措施可有效调节盐分主控离子，并固持Ca2+、Mg2+。综合保墒、控盐、节水、离子平衡需求，翻耕配合激光平地+1 500 m3·hm-2秋浇定额可作为内蒙古河套灌区中度盐渍化农田的秋耕措施和秋浇定额适宜组合模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the patterns of soil water, salts, and ion migration in freeze\|thaw soils in saline\|alkali irrigated areas under deep water\|saving autumn irrigation, as well as their response mechanisms to autumn tillage measures and irrigation quotas, the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia was taken as the study object. Three autumn tillage measures were set up: no\|till, plowing, and plowing combined with laser leveling, along with two autumn irrigation quotas (1 500 m3·hm-2 and 2 000 m3·hm-2) to analyze the mechanisms of soil water, salt, and ion migration during the freeze\|thaw period, the correlation of salt ions, and the leaching effect of salts, aiming to select the optimal field management combination. The results showed that： (1) The plowing combined with laser leveling practice had better water retention and salt removal effects. After autumn irrigation, the surface soil moisture content under this measure was 6.29% higher than plowing alone, and the desalination rate of the plow layer soil was 31.47% higher compared to no\|till. With a 1 500 m3·hm-2 autumn irrigation quota, the plow layer soil moisture content at sunflower spring sowing was 20.72% and the salinity was 0.93 g·kg-1, meeting the growth requirements of sunflowers. Increasing the autumn irrigation quota significantly improved the desalination rate of 40-100 cm soil layers under plowing and plowing combined with laser leveling, with 2 000 m3·hm-2 quotas increasing desalination rates by 31.63% and 19.71%, respectively, compared to 1 500 m3·hm-2. (2) Under plowing, the soil water and salt migration during the freezing period were significantly higher than no\|till, with soil moisture content and soil salinity in the 0-60 cm layer during stable freezing period being 40.89% and 32.74% higher than no\|till, respectively. (3) Plowing and plowing combined with laser leveling increased HCO-3 content in the plow layer after autumn irrigation, with an average increase of 0.255 g·kg-1 compared to no\|till. The main controlling ions for soil salt changes during freeze\|thaw were K++Na+, SO2-4, and Cl-. The 1 500 m3·hm-2 autumn irrigation quota applied to plowing with laser leveling effectively controlled the main salt ions while retaining Ca2+ and Mg2+. Considering soil moisture retention, salt control, water\|saving, and ion balance needs, plowing combined with laser leveling with a 1 500 m3·hm-2 autumn irrigation quota can be used as the suitable autumn tillage and irrigation combination for moderately saline farmland in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia. |
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