| 陈俊先,马文琼,姜渊博,齐广平,王亚玉,康燕霞,银敏华,马彦麟,王建军.保水剂对西北旱区苜蓿产量、品质及水分利用效率的协同调控机制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):231~241 |
| 保水剂对西北旱区苜蓿产量、品质及水分利用效率的协同调控机制 |
| Synergistic regulation by water\|retaining agents of alfalfa yield, quality, and water\|use efficiency in the arid Northwest of China |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.22 |
| 中文关键词: 紫花苜蓿 保水剂 产量 品质 水分利用效率 协同调控 |
| 英文关键词:alfalfa water\|retaining agent yield quality water use efficiency synergistic regulation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52269009，52469007）；甘肃省高等学校创新基金（2023A-054）；甘肃农业大学第五批“伏羲青年英才”项目（Gaufx-05Y11）；甘肃农业大学博士科研启动基金（GAU-KYQD-2024-31）；甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金（GAU-QDFC-2023-12）；甘肃农业大学学科团队建设专项（GAU-XKTD-2022-09） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对西北旱区水资源匮乏、生产力水平不足和田间管理粗放等问题，为探寻科学高效的节水增产栽培技术，提升苜蓿水分利用效率与生产品质，通过为期2 a的盆栽试验，探究两种保水剂（淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐，B1；聚丙烯酰胺，B2）及4种保水剂施用量（0，CK；30 kg·hm-2，T1；60 kg·hm-2，T2；90 kg·hm-2，T3）对苜蓿生产性能、品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：适量施用保水剂可有效提升苜蓿产量、茎叶比与水分利用效率，显著改善苜蓿饲草品质。同一保水剂类型下，苜蓿产量和茎叶比随施用量增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势；同一施用水平下，苜蓿产量和茎叶比表现为B2>B1。与CK相比，施用保水剂后苜蓿平均粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量和相对饲喂价值分别提高6.62%、24.25%和13.36%，酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量分别降低9.37%和8.59%。各处理中，B2T2处理（聚丙烯酰胺+60 kg·hm-2）苜蓿水分利用效率最高（2.29 kg·m-3），较其他处理提升7.92%~24.44%。基于TOPSIS模型进行综合评价，60 kg·hm-2聚丙烯酰胺(B2T2)为最优施用方案，可作为西北旱区苜蓿节水高产、优质栽培及缓解区域草畜矛盾的适宜技术模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the challenges of water scarcity, low productivity, and extensive field management in the arid regions of Northwest China, and to identify scientific and efficient water\|saving cultivation techniques that enhance yield and water use efficiency while improving alfalfa quality, a two\|year pot experiment was conducted. This experiment investigated the effects of two water\|retaining agents (starch\|grafted acrylate, B1; polyacrylamide, B2) applied at four amounts (0, CK; 30 kg·hm-2, T1; 60 kg·hm-2, T2; 90 kg·hm-2, T3) on the production performance, quality, and water use efficiency of alfalfa. The results showed that appropriate application of water\|retaining agents effectively increased alfalfa yield, stem\|leaf ratio, and water use efficiency, while also significantly improving forage quality. For the same type of water\|retaining agent, alfalfa yield and stem\|leaf ratio first increased and then decreased with increasing application amount. At the same application amount, both yield and stem\|leaf ratio were higher for B2 than for B1. Compared with the control (CK), the average amount crude protein content, crude fat content, and relative feed value of alfalfa increased by 6.62%, 24.25%, and 13.36%, respectively, while acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents decreased by 9.37% and 8.59%, respectively. Among all treatments, B2T2 (polyacrylamide+60 kg·hm-2) resulted in the highest water use efficiency for alfalfa (2.29 kg·m-3), which was 7.92% to 24.44% higher than that of the other treatments. Based on a comprehensive evaluation using the TOPSIS model, the application of 60 kg·hm-2 polyacrylamide (B2T2) was identified as the optimal regime. This regime can serve as a suitable cultivation strategy for water\|saving, high\|yield, and high\|quality alfalfa production, while also alleviating the grass\|livestock contradiction in the arid region of Northwest China. |
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