| 苏鹏海,颉文伟,张福堂,李茹芸,陆军胜.覆盖方式和补充灌溉对西北半干旱区玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):242~250 |
| 覆盖方式和补充灌溉对西北半干旱区玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of mulching practices and supplemental irrigation on maize yield and water use efficiency in the semi\|arid region of Northwestern China |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.23 |
| 中文关键词: 覆盖方式 补充灌溉 玉米 产量 水分生产力 西北半干旱区 |
| 英文关键词:mulching practice supplemental irrigation maize yield water productivity semi\|arid region of northwest China |
| 基金项目:甘肃省科技计划（基础研究计划-自然科学基金）项目（24JRRA707）；甘肃省水利科学试验研究与技术推广计划项目（26GSLK117，23GSLK008） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确西北半干旱区不同覆盖方式下玉米对补充灌溉的响应，筛选适配的覆盖补灌组合，于2023—2024年在甘肃榆中开展田间定位试验，设置地膜覆盖（PM）与秸秆覆盖（SM）两种覆盖方式，基于作物蒸散量ETc，在PM下设置雨养、75%ETc、100%ETc和125%ETc 4个灌溉梯度，SM下设置雨养、75%ETc、100%ETc、125%ETc和150%ETc 5个灌溉梯度，测定玉米生长指标、籽粒产量及农田实际蒸散（ETa），系统分析产量形成与水分利用特征。结果表明：相同灌溉水平下，PM处理株高、叶面积指数、地上部生物量、产量及水分利用效率（WUE）总体均高于SM处理。PM在75%ETc~125%ETc补灌条件下产量形成稳定平台，两年产量维持在11.75~12.03 t·hm-2之间，当补灌超过75%ETc后增产效应有限；SM处理玉米产量随灌溉量增加显著提升，在较高补灌（≥100%ETc）水平下产量进入高产平台，但最高产量仍低于PM。相同灌溉水平下，SM处理ETa略高于PM，但PM处理灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）和WUE分别较SM处理平均提高23.78%和23.24%。综上，西北半干旱区补充灌溉条件下，地膜覆盖配合75%ETc补灌更有利于实现玉米高产与高效协同，效果优于秸秆覆盖模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the response of maize to supplemental irrigation under different mulching practices in the semi\|arid region of Northwest China and to identify suitable mulching\|irrigation combinations, a field experiment was conducted in Yuzhong, Gansu Province, from 2023 to 2024. Two mulching practices were established: plastic film mulching (PM) and straw mulching (SM). Based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), four irrigation gradients were applied under PM, namely rainfed, 75%ETc, 100%ETc, and 125%ETc, while five irrigation gradients were applied under SM, namely rainfed, 75%ETc, 100%ETc, 125%ETc, and 150%ETc. Maize growth indicators, grain yield, and actual evapotranspiration (ETa) were measured to systematically analyze yield formation and water use characteristics. The results showed that, under the same irrigation level, plant height, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) were generally higher under PM than under SM. Under PM, grain yield reached a stable plateau under supplemental irrigation levels of 75%ETc-125%ETc, with two\|year yields ranging from 11.75 to 12.03 t·hm-2, indicating that yield gains were limited when supplemental irrigation exceeded 75%ETc. Under SM, maize yield increased significantly with increasing irrigation amount and entered a high\|yield plateau at relatively high supplemental irrigation levels (≥100%ETc), although the maximum yield remained lower than that under PM. At the same irrigation level, ETa under SM was slightly higher than that under PM; however, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and WUE under PM were on average 23.78% and 23.24% higher than those under SM, respectively. In summary, under supplemental irrigation conditions in the semi\|arid region of Northwest China, plastic film mulching combined with 75%ETc supplemental irrigation is more conducive to achieving both high maize yield and efficient water use, and its performance surpasses that of straw mulching pattern. |
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