李冲,常浩,陈芳,栾倩倩,李文学,张亚萍,吴之涛,周彦芳,刘强,魏玉杰.基于宏基因组对不同样点天麻根际土壤的微生物功能分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(4):314~324
基于宏基因组对不同样点天麻根际土壤的微生物功能分析
Metagenomic\|based functional analysis of microbial communities in rhizosphere soils of Gastrodia elata at different sampling sites
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.04.30
中文关键词:  天麻  根际土壤  海拔  土壤微生物  宏基因组
英文关键词:Gastrodia elata  rhizosphere soil  altitude  soil microorganisms  metagenomics
基金项目:甘肃省科技计划项目（24CXNA006,25CXNA067）
作者单位
李冲 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010； 甘肃省特种药源植物种质资源创新与安全利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730010 
常浩 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010； 甘肃省特种药源植物种质资源创新与安全利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730010 
陈芳 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010； 甘肃省特种药源植物种质资源创新与安全利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730010 
栾倩倩 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010 
李文学 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010 
张亚萍 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010； 甘肃省特种药源植物种质资源创新与安全利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730010 
吴之涛 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010； 甘肃省特种药源植物种质资源创新与安全利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730010 
周彦芳 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010； 甘肃省特种药源植物种质资源创新与安全利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730010 
刘强 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010 
魏玉杰 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃 兰州 730010； 甘肃省特种药源植物种质资源创新与安全利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730010 
摘要点击次数: 0
全文下载次数: 0
中文摘要:
      为探明海拔梯度与栽培模式对天麻根际土壤微生物群落及功能的调控机制，采用宏基因组测序技术，以甘肃省康县1 120 m（人工栽培）与1 470 m、1 660 m、1 800 m（野生）共4个样点天麻根际土壤为研究对象，系统分析微生物群落多样性、物种组成、功能基因及抗生素抗性基因、病原-宿主互作基因的分布特征。结果表明，不同海拔梯度与栽培模式下天麻根际土壤微生物多样性存在显著差异（P<0.05）。细菌、古菌、真菌各门相对丰度随海拔梯度呈规律性变化，细菌中酸杆菌门相对丰度随海拔升高显著上升，放线菌门、芽单胞菌门变化趋势相反；古菌中奇古菌门相对丰度随海拔递增，广古菌门递减，1 660 m 古菌多样性最高；真菌群落以担子菌门为主，1 470 m是真菌群落分化拐点，低海拔以子囊菌门占优，高海拔担子菌门占绝对优势，1 660~1 800 m真菌群落结构相似且稳定。KEGG功能注释将微生物功能划分为6大模块；COG功能注释显示，20个功能大类的基因数量在海拔1 660 m样点野生天麻根际土壤中最多，在海拔1 470 m样点最少。抗生素通透性降低基因仅在海拔1 120 m人工栽培天麻根际土壤富集，1 660 m、1 800 m 野生天麻根际该基因丰度为0；抗生素外排基因丰度以1 120 m人工栽培样点最高；抗生素失活、靶点保护基因在各样点整体丰度偏低。综上，海拔及栽培模式显著影响根际微生物多样性与群落组成，菌群丰度存在明显海拔差异，各类功能基因与抗生素抗性基因也呈现位点特异性分布，低海拔1 120 m人工栽培天麻根际病原-宿主互作基因及相关抗性基因富集特征较为突出。
英文摘要:
      To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of altitudinal gradients and cultivation modes on rhizosphere soil microbial communities and their functions in Gastrodia elata, metagenomic sequencing was performed on rhizosphere soil samples collected from four sites in Kang County, Gansu Province, including one cultivated site at 1 120 m, and three wild sites at 1 470 m, 1 660 m, and 1 800 m. Microbial community diversity, species composition, functional gene profiles, as well as the distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes and pathogen\|host interaction genes were systematically analyzed. The results showed significant differences in microbial diversity among altitudinal gradients and cultivation modes (P<0.05). The relative abundances of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal phyla varied regularly along the altitudinal gradient. Among bacteria, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria increased significantly with rising elevation, whereas Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes showed opposite trends. Among archaea, Thaumarchaeota abundance increased with elevation, while Euryarchaeota decreased, with the highest archaeal diversity observed at 1 660 m. The fungal community was dominated by Basidiomycota, with 1 470 m identified as a turning point for fungal community differentiation: Ascomycota predominated at low altitudes, whereas Basidiomycota became overwhelmingly dominant at high altitudes, and fungal community structures at 1 660 to 1 800 m were similar and stable. KEGG functional annotation categorized microbial functions into six major modules. COG functional annotation revealed that gene counts across 20 functional categories were highest in the wild rhizosphere soil at 1 660 m and lowest at 1 470 m. Genes associated with reduced antibiotic permeability were enriched exclusively in the cultivated rhizosphere soil at 1 120 m, with zero abundance detected at the wild sites of 1 660 m and 1 800 m. Antibiotic efflux gene abundance was highest at the cultivated site of 1 120 m, whereas genes associated with antibiotic inactivation and target protection exhibited generally low abundances across all sites. In conclusion, altitude and cultivation mode significantly influenced rhizosphere microbial diversity and community composition, with distinct altitudinal variations in microbial abundance. Various functional genes and antibiotic resistance genes displayed site\|specific distribution patterns, with particularly prominent enrichment of pathogen-host interaction genes and related resistance genes in the cultivated rhizosphere soil at the low-altitude site of 1 120 m.
查看全文  查看/发表评论  下载PDF阅读器