| 王利娜,朱清科,仝小林,王瑜,陈文思,卢纪元.黄土高原近50年降水量时空变化特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):206~212 |
| 黄土高原近50年降水量时空变化特征分析 |
| Characteristic analysis of temporal and spatial variation of precipitation during recent 50 years in Loess Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.33 |
| 中文关键词: 降水量 时空变化 M-K检验法 黄土高原 |
| 英文关键词:precipitation temporal and spatial variation M-K test method Loess Plateau |
| 基金项目:国家林业公益课题“黄土丘陵严重侵蚀区植被恢复和重建技术研究(201104002-2) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了揭示黄土高原近年来降水量的时间变化和空间分布特征，以黄土高原区域及周边72个气象基准站1961—2012年52 a逐日降水资料为基础，通过泰森多边形法将各雨量站的降水量展布到整个区域，采用M-K趋势检验法分析年降水的年际、年内时空变化特征。结果显示：(1) 黄土高原年降水量时间变化呈缓慢下降趋势，UFK曲线小于0且没有超出置信线。空间上整体呈下降趋势，出现阳泉、榆社站两个显著减少中心，β值分别为-3.3 mm·10a-1和-2.1 mm·10a-1。(2) 黄土高原春季多年平均降水量整体呈不明显下降趋势，1961—1963年与1966—1987年降水量呈减少趋势，1963—1966年与1987—2012年呈增加趋势。空间上西部、北部地区大部分呈增加趋势，五台山增加幅度最大，β值为2 mm·10a-1。(3) 夏季多年平均降水量呈明显下降趋势，2008年左右为突变点，2008年以后降水量下降显著。空间上整体呈下降趋势，较明显的减少中心有环县、延安、西峰镇、平凉和临汾，β值分别为-0.9、-0.9、-0.8、-0.8 mm·10a-1和-0.8 mm·10a-1。(4) 秋季多年平均降水下降趋势显著，空间变化与夏季类似，减少中心依然是环县、延安、西峰镇、平凉和临汾，β值均为-0.8 mm·10a-1。(5) 冬季多年平均降水量整体呈明显上升趋势，空间上降水变化呈缓慢上升趋势，最大上升中心华山，β值仅为0.95 mm·10a-1。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In ording to reveal the characteristic of time variation and spatial distribution of precipitation during recent years in Loess Plateau, based on the 52 years daily precipitation data from 1961 to 2012 in the Loess Plateau Region and surrounding 72 meteorological stations, the Tyson polygon method was applied to distribute the precipitation in each rainfall station to whole region.The M-K trend test method was adopted to analyze the characteristics of yearly precipitation temporal and spatial variation. The results showed that: (1) The annual rainfall in Loess Plateau has showed a trend of slow decline with time, UFK curve was less than zero and not exceeded the confidence line. In space whole showed a decline trend and appeared two significant reduction centers as Yangquan and Yushe Stations, the β value was -3.3 mm·10a-1 and -2.1 mm·10a-1, respectively. (2) The multi-year average rainfall in Spring of the Loess Plateau has showed no obvious decline trend on the whole. The precipitation from 1966 to 1987 and 1961 to 1963 has showed a decrease trend; but from 1963 to 1966 and 1987 to 2012 has showed an increase trend. In space most of the west and north region has showed an increase trend. The Wutai Mountain was the maximal increase range, the β value was 2 mm·10a-1. (3) The multi-year average rainfall in Summer has showed an obvious downward trend, around 2008 was the mutation point, after 2008 the precipitation has notablely decreased. In space has showed a decline trend on the whole, rather obvious decrease centers were Huanxian, Yan'an, Xifeng, Pingliang and Linfen, the β value was -0.9,-0.9,-0.8,-0.8 mm·10a-1 and -0.8 mm·10a-1, respectively. (4) The multi-year average precipitatio in Autumn has showed a notable decrease trend, the space change was similar with Summer, the decrease centers still was the Huanxian, Yan'an, Xifeng, Pingliang and Linfen. The β value total was -0.8 mm·10a-1. (5) The multi-year average rainfall in Winter was showed an obvious rising trend on the whole, the changes slowed a slowly rising trend on the space, the largest rise center was Huashan, the β value was only 0.95 mm·10a-1. |
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