| Changes in phenology and climatic conditions of wheat and maize in Xinjiang during 1981—2009 |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.06.32 |
| Key Words: phenology climatic factor wheat maize growth stage Xinjiang |
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| Abstract: |
| Under the background of global climatic changes, crop phenology has experienced major changes over the past decades. In this study, statistical methods were employed to investigate the trends in phenology of crops (including spring wheat, winter wheat, spring maize and summer maize) during 1981—2009 on the basis of the phenological data from 17 agro-experimental stations in Xinjiang autonomous region. The results showed that spring wheat sowing, heading and maturity dates were advanced by 2.0, 3.2, and 3.3 d·10a-1, respectively. Within all stations investigated, sowing date of winter wheat was delayed by 1.2 d·10a-1, while the dates of heading and maturity occurred early by 4.7 d·10a-1and 2.8 d·10a-1, respectively. The phenology of spring maize and summer maize mostly occurred in advance. Particularly, the sowing date of summer maize occurred early by 11.0 d·10a-1. Furthermore, the changes of crops phenology led to the corresponding changes in the durations of different growth stages. Vegetative growth stages (from sowing to heading) of spring wheat became shortened on average by 1.2 d·10a-1, and reproductive growth phases (from heading to maturity) were shortened by 0.1 d·10a-1 in average. The changes of vegetative growth stages and reproductive growth stages of winter wheat showed opposite trends: the vegetative growth stage was shortened by an average of 5.9 d·10a-1, while the reproductive growth stage became prolonged by an average of 1.9 d·10a-1, causing the entire growth stage shortened by an average of 4.0 d·10a-1. All growth stages of spring maize and summer maize exhibited prolonged growing trends. Vegetative growth stages, reproductive growth stages, and the whole growth stages were extended by 0.8, 1.5 d·10a-1and 2.3 d·10a-1, respectively, and these three growth stages of summer maize were prolonged by 7.2, 1.2 d·10a-1and 8.3 d·10a-1, respectively. Through the investigation of the trends in climatic factors during different crops growth stages over the past three decades, it could be concluded that the maximum temperature and minimum temperature during all crops growth stages were increased at most of the stations investigated. In addition, daily temperature variation during reproductive growth stages of all crops showed a decreasing trend. The analysis of the precipitation trends during different growth stages showed that the changes of precipitation in the most stations were not obvious, except for increased precipitations during the reproductive growth stages of spring wheat and spring maize. |
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