| Effects of crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of spring maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.23 |
| Key Words: crop residues incorporation N-fertilizer spring maize water use efficiency yield |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHANG Zhe | College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | SUN Zhan-xiang | College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China
Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | ZHANG Yan-qing | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | ZHENG Jia-ming | Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | YANG Ning | Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | FENG Liang-shan | Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | Li Kai-yu | Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the effects of crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer utilization on spring maize yield and water use efficiency in semi-arid area of western Liaoning Province, a long-term experiment was conducted in Fuxin Agricultural Environment and the Farmland Conservation Scientific Observation Station. Four quantities in straw returning (0 kg·hm-2, 3 000 kg·hm-2, 6 000 kg·hm-2, and 9 000 kg·hm-2) and two nitrogen levels (210 kg·hm-2 and 420 kg·hm-2) were set up accounting for a total of eight treatments. The results showed that the continued crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer utilization could significantly increase maize population biological yield (P＜0.05) and output (P＜0.05). The C3N1 treatment resulted in the highest yield in 2013 (normal year) and 2014 (dry year), reaching 14 719.95 kg·hm-2 and 12 397.95 kg·hm-2, respectively. The influence on yield by different treatments followed the order of C3N1>C3N2>C2N1>C2N2>C1N2>C1N1>C0N2>C0N1. The yield under C0N1 was the lowest. Straw returning could take fully use of precipitation during crop growth period and rainfall use efficiency and crop water use efficiency could became enhanced. The results from two years showed that C3N1 treatment allowed the highest water use efficiency. As a result, biological and grain yields were 26.83% and 43.15% in 2013 and 26.83% and 43.15% in 2014 higher than those by the C0N1 treatment respectively. Same results in two years were obtained in average water use efficiency and biological yield size. In conclusion, the optimal solution is straw returning in amount of 9 000 kg·hm-2 and nitrogen is 210 kg·hm-2, which can increase the land productivity and agricultural water use efficiency in this area. |
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