| Study on the effects and mode of black plastic mulch and hole seeding cultivation of winter wheat in dryland |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.06.07 |
| Key Words: black film mulching full coverage hole sowing ridge culture micro ridge universal ridge furrow free-seeding winter wheat dry land |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHANG Li-gong | Zhuanglang Agro-technology Extension Center, Zhuanglang, Gansu 744699, China | | LI Guo-bin | Zhuanglang Agro-technology Extension Center, Zhuanglang, Gansu 744699, China | | SU Zhong-tai | Zhuanglang Agro-technology Extension Center, Zhuanglang, Gansu 744699, China | | CUI Zhi-feng | Zhuanglang Agro-technology Extension Center, Zhuanglang, Gansu 744699, China | | MA Jian-hui | Zhuanglang Agro-technology Extension Center, Zhuanglang, Gansu 744699, China |
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| Abstract: |
| This study selected the optimum compose of the factors that are: black plastic film, colourless plastic film, hill culture, convention planting, furrow sowing, discussed the occurrence of stem occurrence of weeds, soil temperature, soil water dynamic changes and increase production and income of plastic mulch and hole seeding cultivation of winter wheat in dryland. The results showed the treatment of black plastic mulch coverage could increase the rate of emergence by 63.73% compared to the colourless plastic film, and declined the density of the stem and its fresh weight, the decreasing rate were 74% and 98% respectively, the major on set of density ruderal weed and its fresh weight, the decreasing rate were 62.03% and 96.7% respectively, and compared to the open field, the reduction rate were 70% and 92.93% respectively. Also the treatment in 0～25 cm soil layer of black plastic mulch coverage had decreased the accumulated temperature by 108.8℃ compared to colourless plastic mulch, but increased by 62.9℃ compared to open field, from sowing to jointing stage, the black plastic mulch coverage’s temperature was higher than 72.8℃ compared to open field, from jointing to ripening, the temperature was lower than 135.7℃ compared to open field. The black plastic mulch coverage’s water utilization efficiency was 4.48% higher than the colourless plastic film, and 45.75% higher than that of the open field. The corresponding yield was higher than 3.05% and 47.81% respectively. During the three planting methods, the treatment of ridge culture could increase the rate of emergence by 44.00% compared to the flat sowing but 26.14 % lower than that of furrow sowing. The corresponding density of the stem was 35.59% lower than ridge culture but higher than 25.64%, The corresponding fresh weight of the stem was 30.62% lower than ridge culture but higher than 12.09%. The ridge culture increased the accumulated temperature of 90.5℃, but the furrow sowing decreased the accumulated temperature of 23.5℃. The ridge culture and furrow sowing treatment had increased the yield of 3.24% and 4.90% respectively. So, the mode of black plastic mulch and hole seeding was the optimal pattern, the rate of emergence by 146% compared to the plastic film as mulch combined with bunch planting, the density of the stem and its fresh weight with the decreasing rate were 98.74% and 99.9% respectively, between living winter stage to green stage, which could increase the accumulated temperature of 52.0℃ during the whole growing period, water use efficiency, yield, cost saving, net profit per hectare were improved by 10.75%, 8.68%, 4 020 yuan·hm-2 and 5 422 yuan·hm-2 respectively. Covering depth decreased by 75% and easy to clear. One of the trait that the general haif micro mode had the wide and narrow row planting, and the yield and improved by 3.89%, 11.33% respectively, and suit to mechanized operation. |
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