| Analysis of crop growth and economic benefit in an apple-maize intercropping system under water and fertilizer coupling |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.03.04 |
| Key Words: water and fertilizer regulating apple-maize intercropping system chlorophyll leaf water potential yield net income |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | GAO Fei | College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China | | WANG Ruo-shui | College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China；Jixian Forest Ecosystem State Field Science Observatory, Jixian, Shanxi 042200, China | | XU Hua-sen | College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China | | WANG Dong-mei | College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China | | YANG Zong-ru | Jixian Forestry Service Center, Jixian, Shanxi 042200, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on physiological index of leaves，yield and economic benefit in an apple-maize intercropping system, an experiment of water and fertilizer coupling was carried out in the Loess Plateau of Shanxi Province. The irrigation regimes were established by three threshold levels of soil moisture as follows: W1, 50% field capacity (50% Fc); W2, 65% field capacity (65% Fc); W3, 85% field capacity (85% Fc). Meanwhile, three fertilizer levels were also set up in this experiment, including F1, N(289 kg·hm-2)+P2O5(118 kg·hm-2)+K2O(118 kg·hm-2), F2, N (412.4 kg·hm-2)+P2O5(168.8 kg·hm-2)+K2O (168.8 kg·hm-2), and F3, N(537 kg·hm-2) +P2O5(219 kg·hm-2) +K2O(219 kg·hm-2). The results are summarized as follows: Irrigation and fertilization had no significant effect on chlorophyll content while significant effects were found on leaf water potential. The leaf water potential, leaf area index, maize yield all decreased with the increasing of fertilizer rate; while chlorophyll content increased with the increasing of the distance from the tree line. Different irrigation levels had considerable influences on the horizontal distributions of leaf water potential. According to the analysis of multiple regression, the maximum maize yield could obtained when 289kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer, 118 kg·hm-2 phosphorus fertilizer, 118 kg·hm-2 potassium fertilizer was applied during the whole stages. The theoretical maximum yield can be 10 133.50 kg·hm-2, 10 205.90 kg·hm-2. According to the results of economic benefit analysis, the maximum economic benefit could obtained when no fertilizer applied at jointing stage, 262.5 kg·hm-2 fertilizer applied at tasseling stage and filling stage and irrigating water upper limits (about 85% field capacity). The net income can be 10 470.38 yuan·hm-2. Therefore, the treatment with relatively low amount of irrigation water and applied fertilizer can not only obtain the maximum economic benefit but also can avoid the pollution to soil and underground water and resource waste caused by unreasonable fertilization and irrigation. Accordingly, it was the most economical and environmental irrigation and fertilizer regulation method for the apple-maize intercropping system. |
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