| Influence of drip irrigation levels to yield and quality of apple under different amount of nitrogen |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.06.02 |
| Key Words: apple drip irrigation topdressing nitrogen yield quality |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | TANG Long | Key Laboratory of Agriculture Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China | | CAO Hong-xia | Key Laboratory of Agriculture Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China | | LI Hong-li | Water Resources Bureau of Luochuan County, Luochuan, Shaanxi 727400, China | | LI Tian-xing | Key Laboratory of Agriculture Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China | | MING Gang | Water Resources Bureau of Luochuan County, Luochuan, Shaanxi 727400, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the response mechanism of apple tree to drip irrigation levels under different amount of nitrogen, selected 17 years Fuji (Changfu 2) for the field experiments. Set up two nitrogen levels (high-nitrogen N1 1.03 kg·tree-1, low-nitrogen N2 0.57 kg·tree-1), and three irrigation levels (high-level W1：75% FC, middle-level W2：70% FC, low-level W3：65% FC, total for irrigation upper limitation) in the orchard, put up CK (only applied fertilizer as N1 and N2 and no irrigation/W0) as control. Topdressing fertilizer was applied in first ten days in June. The results showed that: Irrigation in growing period of apple trees，the production can be significantly increased. In this test, the 75%FC had obtained the highest yield as 75 643.20 kg·hm-2. But each quality index still existed different response to water and nitrogen. The details are as follows: Under the level of N1, at first the soluble sugar, soluble solid and hardness were decreased 13.80%, 4.84% and 6.33%, respectively and then increased 5.27%, 3.92% and 6.32% respectively with increasing irrigation quantity. Among them the soluble solid and hardness under W1 and W3 had produced significant difference compared with W2. The Vc and sugar-acid ratio were decreased with increasing irrigation quantity. The Vc, sugar and acid ratios under W1 were decreased 44.70% and 40.83% respectively, compared with W3. However, the titratable acid was increased with increasing irrigation quantity, the titratable acid under W1 was increased 64.29%, compared with W3. Under the level of N2, the titratable acid and hardness were increased with increasing irrigation level, under W1,the titratable acid and hardness were increased 50.00% and 6.25% respectively, compared with W3. The soluble solid was significant increased 3.44% at first and then decreased 1.29% with increasing irrigation level. The Vc was significantly decreased with increasing irrigation level. Under W1, the Vc was decreased 57.72%. Under N1 and N2, the soluble sugar, Vc and sugar acid ratio had the same change trend with irrigation change, compared with W3. But there were some differences in titratable acid, soluble solids and hardness. Except Vc, each quality index under W1 was in a medium/high level. Under lower irrigation level, the soluble solids, hardness and sugar acid ratio had a higher value with N1, and N2，the titratable acid and Vc had a higher value with N2. Under higher irrigation level, the soluble sugar, soluble solids, hardness and sugar acid ratio had a higher value with N1, and the titratable acid and Vc had a higher value with N1. In summer, high nitrogen topdressing was non conducive to improve fruit comprehensive quality, but caused to decrease the production. Under different irrigation levels, the productions were showed as: N12, 0.57 kg·tree-1 nitrogen was appropriate for apple tree in this experiment. The fruit quality existed some difference between different location in tree-crown, the soluble sugar, soluble solid, hardness and Vc basically had a larger value at outer tree-crown that were higher than inside tree-crown 15.03%, 7.59%, 37.18% and 9.88%, respectively, the titratable acid and sugar-acid ratio were roughly equal. |
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