Effect of sowing-mulching following subsoiling in fallow period on wheat yield in arid area on the Loess Plateau
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DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.02.23
Key Words: dryland wheat  subsoiling during fallow period  sowing-mulching  soil moisture  yield
Author NameAffiliation
YANG Qing-shan College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China 
SUN Min College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China 
GAO Zhi-qiang College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China 
ZHANG Hui-yu College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China 
ZHANG Juan College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China 
LIANG Yan-fei College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China 
LI Nian-nian College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China 
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Abstract:
      In order to better understand the effect of subsoiling in fallow period and sowing-mulching in growth stage on soil water in wheat field and its relationship with the yield components, we studied the soil management technology of retaining water and soil moisture for improving yield and water efficiency on dry land wheat. In 2014-2016, a split field experiment was carried out in Wenxi County in Shanxi Province. The subsoiling in fallow period and traditional farming (contrast) were used, and other treatments included film-covering soil hole sowing (FSH), film-mulch sowing (FM) and drilling sowing (DS). The results showed that in the two experimental years, the subsoiling in fallow period significantly improved the soil moisture at the sowing stage. The moisture in the 0~300 cm soil layer was between 24~33 mm more than that in the traditional farming; the water storage during the over-wintering-maturity period was increased by 12%~16%. In fallow period, soil water storage efficiency was significantly improved by 18%~24%, and the precipitation production efficiency was significantly increased by 6%~11%, and water use efficiency was significantly increased by 15%~23%. Compared with CK, the yields of subsoiling treatment during fallow period in the two experimental years were increased by 12%~16%, 18%~24%, respectively. Compared with DS, under the subsoiling conditions, yields of two coverage sowing modes significantly increased by 9%~13% and 8%~21%. Under the CK condition, the yield increased by 6%~13%, 12%~19%. During those two experimental years, the wheat yield of FM was higher than FSH, and increased by 3%~7%, 6%~12%, respectively. The precipitation production efficiency and water use efficiency were the highest among FM. Moreover, the year had a significant effect on yield and spike number, and the tillage of subsoiling effect during the fallow period was greater than the sowing mode effect. In addition, under the conditions of this experiment, the formation of number of ears was significantly correlated to the soil moisture at the upper layer of soil in winter, the middle layer of soil at jointing stage, and the deep layer of soil at booting stage. The formation of yield was significantly correlated to the soil moisture in upper layer of soil in winter, upper and middle layer of soil at jointing stage, deep layer of soil at booting stage and anthesis stage. In the fallow period, the tillage of subsoiling increased water storage and production, for every 1 mm increased in soil water storage, the increase in moisture and yield during two years was 26 kg·hm-2 and 46 kg·hm-2, respectively, and the combination of FM contributed the highest yield. In short, subsoiling during fallow period and coverage at growth stage were conducive to improve soil moisture before flowering mainly by increasing number of spikes to achieve higher yield. Its effect in increasing yield in years with less precipitation was more significant. Therefore, subsoiling in fallow period combined with FM during growth period is a better technique in obtaining high-yield, water-storage and high-efficiency cultivation.