| Effects of different subsoiling methods on maize yield and water use efficiency |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.02.24 |
| Key Words: subsoiling method soil bulk density water use efficiency yield corn |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHENG Jia-ming | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | SUN Zhan-xiang | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | FENG Liang-shan | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | YANG Ning | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | BAI Wei | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | FENG Chen | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | ZHANG Zhe | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | CAI Qian | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China | | XIANG Wu-yan | Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In northern China, the long-term use of small agricultural machinery for tillage has resulted in a thickened and uplifted plow pan, a decreased volume of nutrient-rich topsoil, and lower soil water holding capacity within the farmland. A three-year field research was conducted to investigate the effect of four subsoiling methods, including bulk subsoiling in autumn (BS), annual ridge subsoiling in autumn (RS), annual furrow subsoiling in early summer (FS) and inter-annual alternate zone subsoiling (AS), on soil water-holding capacity and agricultural output. These subsoiling methods were compared with that under the rotary tillage in spring (CK). The results suggested that the bulk density of soil varied with different tillage methods. The soil with BS was uniformly loose, while the soil of CK showed vertically uneven bulk densities of that the upper soil was loose while the lower soil was relatively compact. The soil with RS showed loose ridge soil and compact furrow soil, while the soil with FS yielded the opposite result compared to that with RS. The soil with AS tillage exhibited alternately variation of bulk density from year to year. The increases in the average soil water storage with BS, AS, FS, and RS during crop growth period compared with CK were 10.9~23.2 mm, 10.9~17.2 mm, 9.0~15.7 mm and 6.0~8.2 mm, respectively. Soil bulk density varied yearly with AS treatment, but it had limited effect on the average soil water storage. Overall, soil tilled by BS and AS maintained a high soil water holding capacity, soil water storage increased by 10.9~23.2 mm, which could stabilize the yield under different rainfalls between years. Compared to the other three types of subsoiling methods, production capacity and water use efficiency in AS treatment were persistently higher. Compared with CK, yield increased by 17.22%~28.65%, water use efficiency increased by 0.27~0.73 kg·m-3; compared with BS, there were no significant difference in yield and water use efficiency in 2013, but yield and water use efficiency increased by 1.00%~5.92% and 0.06~0.20 kg·m-3 in the other two years, respectively; compared with FS, yield increased by 5.59%~13.50%, there was no significant difference in water use efficiency in 2014, but increased by 0.20~0.43 kg·m-3 in the other two years. AS was a suitable subsoiling method. |
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