| Influence of irrigation amount on potato physiological characteristics and tuber yield and quality |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.03.05 |
| Key Words: potato irrigation amount development stage physiological characteristics tuber yield tuber quality |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | YAN Shi-peng | College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | JIAO Run-an | College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | ZHANG Jun-lian | College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | LI Jian | Gansu Tiaoshan Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baiyin, Gansu 730400, China | | LI Chao-zhou | College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China |
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| Abstract: |
| A plot experiment was carried out in the potato planting base of Tiaoshan farm, Jingtai county, the high-lift irrigation area along the Yellow River in central Gansu Province. “Atlantic” variety of potato was used as the test material. Five different irrigation amount were set up at each potato development stage (50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the original irrigation amount. The original irrigation amount (100%) is the irrigation amount commonly used locally to maintain the soil moisture content of 25.8% in the test site). The effects of different irrigation amount on physiological mechanism, potato tubers yield and quality at different developmental stages were studied. The results showed that with the increase of irrigation amount, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of potato leaves increased to the maximum value of 30.19 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 12.50 mmol·m-2·s-1, respectively, and then decreased. When the irrigation amount was 50% and 150%, the Pn of potato leaves decreased by 35.06% and 19.59%, respectively, compared with the 100% irrigation amount treatment. The activities of potato leaves at different developmental stages were sensitive to the irrigation amount.In seedling stage, when the irrigation amount was 75%, the chlorophyll content, Pn and WUE of potato leaves were 0.86 mg·g-1, 21.88 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 2.29 μmol·mmol-1, and compared with 100% irrigation amount, it increased by 14.15%, 0.31% and 3.80%, respectively, while the MDA content, the activities of SOD and CAT were the lowest, compared with 100% irrigation amount, it decreased by 8.40%, 11.69% and 8.23%, respectively. In tillering stage, when the irrigation amount was 100%, Pn and WUE were the highest, compared with 50% irrigation amount, the improvement was 53.99% and 24.85%, respectively, while the proline content, soluble sugar content and POD activitiy were the lowest, were 89.06 μg·g-1, 143.45 μmol·g-1 and 438.14 U·g-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the superoxide anion generation rate also decreased by 26.07% compared with 50% irrigation amount.In tuber period, when the irrigation amount was 125%, the Pn and WUE were the highest, compared with 100% irrigation amount, it increased by 19.16%, 6.76%, respectively, and the activities of SOD and POD decreased by 0.93% and 6.23%, respectively. In maturity stage, when the irrigation amount was 75%, Pn was the highest,compared with the other irrigation amount, Pn of the potato leaves increased by 38.64%, 13.81%, 14.16% and 21.27%, respectively, while the MDA content and superoxide anion generation rate were 21.107 μmol·g-1 and 6.07 nmol·min-1·g-1, respectively,compared with 100% irrigation, 19.35% and 2.26% were decreased respectively. The starch content in tubers with low irrigation amount (50%) was lower in the same growth stage. The soluble protein content of tubers treated with 75% irrigation amount at the seedling stage was significantly increased by 6.2% compared with the 100% irrigation amount treatment. The starch content in tubers with 100% irrigation amount was the highest (15.14%) at tillering stage, while the soluble protein content in tubers was at the highest level under 125% irrigation amount, 4.61% higher than the 100% irrigation amount treatment. At maturity stage, the starch content of tuber was at the highest level with 75% irrigation amount, which was significantly increased by 12.77% compared with that 100% irrigation amount treatment. In terms of the overall consideration of the total fresh weight, marketing tuber rate, starch content, vitamin C content, soluble protein content and reducing sugar content of tubers, 75%, 100%, 125% and 75% of the original irrigation amount showed the highest yield and best quality of the potato tubers under seedling stage, tillering stage, tuber period and maturity stage, respectively, which were 654.30, 650.60, 773.00, 703.53 g per plant. |
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