| Dynamic changes in soil water and nitrogen and yield of rainfed spring maize under different cultivation systems |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.01.03 |
| Key Words: high yield and high efficiency cultivation soil water content nitrate nitrogen ammonium nitrogen spring maize yield |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LU Nan | State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau，Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
College of Forestry, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | ZHANG Cong | State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau，Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
College of Forestry, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | LI Hongbing | State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau，Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | ZHANG Suiqi | State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau，Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the high\|yield and high\|efficiency cultivations of maize and its environmental effects on the Loess Plateau, we studied the characteristics of spatial\|temporal dynamics in soil moisture, yield and water use efficiency, accumulation and profile distribution of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in different cultivation systems of spring maize on Loess Plateau through a two\|year field positioning experiment. Three treatments including farmers’ practice (T1), high\|density and super\|high\|yield with chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer （T2）, medium\|density, high\|yield and high\|efficiency mode with chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer （T3） were carried out with Zhengdan 958 as cultivar. We determined soil water content during the critical growth period. The actual yield, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content in 0~100 cm soil layer were measured after harvest. The results showed that the changes in soil water content was greatly affected by rainfall. The rainfall in 2017 was 374.2 mm, which was a dry year. In this situation, maize could not only efficiently use water in 0~120 cm soil layers, but also don’t cause soil water deficit in lower level (120~200 cm). The rainfall in 2018 was 490.8 mm, which was a wet year, the soil water content in 0~60 cm layer changed greatly in each growth period, and the soil water content in 60~200 cm layer remained stable. Compared to T1 and T3, the nitrate accumulation under T2 treatment in 60~80 and 80~100 cm soil layer was higher and leaching was obvious. In 2017, the accumulation of nitrate under T2 treatment was 8.2 and 76.4% higher than that in in 60~80 cm and 80~100 cm soil layers under T3 treatment, respectively. In 2018, the accumulation of nitrate in 60~80 cm and 80~100 cm soil layers with T2 treatment was 50.3% and 129.3% higher than that with T3, respectively. Excessive fertilization leads to leaching of nitrate nitrogen into deep soil due to rainfall infiltration. Nitrate accumulation was significantly correlated with spring maize yield and nitrate was an important determining factor for maize yield. In 2017, the yield of T2 and T3 was 55.4%, and 64.4%, and WUE was 46.9% and 55.9% higher than that of T1, respectively. In 2018, the yield of T2 and T3 was 49.7% and 31.2% and WUE was 58.9% and 40.4% higher than that of T1, respectively. In conclusion, T3 treatment not only ensured high yield and high water use efficiency, but also reduced nitrate nitrogen leaching, mitigated environmental pollution, which could be helpful for increasing grain yield and WUE of dryland maize in semi\|arid regions. |
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