| Effect of density and nitrogen on water and nitrogen utilization and seed yield of oil flax |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn81000-7601.2020.03.21 |
| Key Words: oil flax interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and planting density WUE nitrogen absorption and utilization rate seed yield |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WU Bing | College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science，Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | GAO Yuhong | Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science，Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | LI Penghong | School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China | | YAN Bin | Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science，Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | CUI Zhengjun | Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science，Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | NIU Junyi | Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science，Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to clarify mechanism of water and fertilizer utilization and establish an optimal cultivation mode in arid land farming of oil flax, a field experiment was conducted with two\|factor randomized block test, three planting densities (4.5×106, 7.5×106 plant·hm-2, and 10.5×106 plant·hm-2), and three nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 75 kg·hm-2, and 150 kg·hm-2). The effects of density and N application rate on variation of soil water content, soil water storage, yield and yield components, water and N use efficiencies were studied. The results showed that variation of soil water content in 0~60 cm soil layer was reflected at the stage from seedling to fruit stage under density and N fertilizer treatments, besides for optimal treatment in N1D1 up to 15.52%. Fertilizer\|water coupling advantage appeared in N2D1 treatment, which had an average soil water content of 18.25% in 0~200 cm soil, and the soil water storage in the 0~200 cm period during the growing season also increased by 4.62% compared with the lowest treatment N1D3. Grain yield and water use efficiency had obvious positive effects on N application rate, yield and water use efficiency under high N level (N2) increased by 14.97%~16.05% and 7.14%~21.75% compared with the levels of medium N (N1) and no N (N0), respectively. The yield of oil flax increased first and then decreased with the increase in N application rate and density in the combination treatments, the variation of grain yield were 66.58~171.64 kg·hm-2 and 32.42~68.47 kg·hm-2 with the amount of N application and the density, respectively. It confirmed that density increasing had no significant effect on oil flax yield and water use efficiency for highest yield under 4.5×106 plant·hm-2, reaching 1 802.00 kg·hm-2 and 7.87 kg·hm-2·mm-1. N application significantly increased the N uptake of the plants, high N (N2) and middle N (N1) increased by 82.21% and 57.55%, respectively, compared with no N (N0), while the average N utilization decreased with increasing N application rate and density. Nitrogen utilization rate under high N (N2) level significantly reduced by 42% compared to medium N (N1), average N utilization rate in high (D3), medium (D2) density and lower density (D1) treatments significantly reduced 58.45% and 35.19%, respectively. In the experimental treatment interval, high N combined with densification was not conducive to improving N utilization, the N utilization rate of medium N (N1) low density (D1) amount to 64.3%, which was an optimal combination. After the interaction of density and N fertilizers, the numbers of branches and stems were affected by the density more than the amount of N applied, while the 1000-grain weight was more affected by the N application rate, the 1000-grain weight variation reached 0.04~0.29 g under the three N application levels. There was a significant correlation between grain yield and effective number of stems (0.688*), effective number of branches and number of effective capsules (0.877*). Therefore, the increase in density had no significant effect on water use efficiency and yield, the application of appropriate N fertilizer promoted the effective utilization of water in the early and middle stages of flax and increased the N utilization rate. The yield and water use efficiency of flax were significantly increased. In this experiment and similar farmland ecological type environment, the nutrient management model of 75~150 kg·hm-2 N application rate and 4.5×106 plant·hm-2 planting density can be used as a suitable reference for the efficient production of oil flax in the arid and semi\|arid regions for the Loess Plateau. |
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