| Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality under different straw incorporation approaches |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn81000-7601.2020.03.27 |
| Key Words: straw incorporation different straw utilization modes soil quality winter wheat yield factor analysis cluster analysis |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | YU Kun | Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited of Power China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China | | LI Guojian | Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited of Power China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China | | LI Baifeng | Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited of Power China, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China | | CHU Xiaosheng | Chinese National Academy of Water\|Saving Agriculture in Arid Region, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | FENG Hao | Chinese National Academy of Water\|Saving Agriculture in Arid Region, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| This study aimed to select an efficient straw incorporation method to accelerate the decomposition rate of crop straw and promote the growth of winter wheat in semi\|arid region of Shaanxi China. To achieve this goal，a field experiment used summer maize straw was carried out during 2011-2016. There were six treatments including control treatment with no straw returning (CK), long straw returning by covering soil (LM), long straw plowed into soil (LP), powdered straw plowed into soil (SP), long\|ammoniated straw plowed into soil (ALP), and powdered\|ammoniated straw plowed into soil (ASP). We investigated the effect of different straw returning approaches on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, winter wheat yield, and then used factor analysis and cluster analysis to evaluate the soil quality under different treatments. A total of 18 soil indexes including soil bulk density (X1), soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (X2), soil saturated water content (X3), content of aggregate > 0.25 mm by wet sieving (X4), mean weight diameter (X5), geometric mean diameter (X6), the fractal dimension of soil aggregates (X7), total organic carbon (X8), total nitrogen (X9), dissolved organic carbon (X10), dissolved organic nitrogen (X11), microbial biomass carbon (X12), microbial biomass nitrogen (X13), soil respiration rate (X14), sucrase (X15), urease (X16), catalase (X17), and alkaline and phosphatase (X18) were selected. Factor analysis and minimum Euclidean distance method were employed to evaluate the overall soil fertility. Two principal factors that can be used to characterize the cumulative was 88.58%, and the order of soil quality was as follows: ASP>ALP>SP>LP>LM>CK, that is, the ammoniated straw incorporation worked better than conventional straw on improving soil quality. Cluster analysis classified 6 treatments into 4 main groups on the basis of the measured parameters, which was mostly consistent with the result of factor analysis. Compared with the control treatment, the yield of winter wheat could be significantly increased by straw incorporation, and the treatment of ammoniated straw was better than conventional straw in increasing the winter wheat yield. Among the different treatments, the 5-year mean winter wheat yield (7 668 kg·hm-2) with ASP was the highest, which was also consistent with the change trend of comprehensive score of soil quality. Under the condition of this study, the ASP treatment was the best way for straw returning to improve soil quality. |
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