| Effects of biochar on the tomato yield and quality in heavy loam soil in greenhouse under deficit irrigationin |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.04.17 |
| Key Words: tomato biochar deficit irrigation yield quality greenhouse |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | DU Bingjie | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas/Northwest A&F University, Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100， China | | CAO Hongxia | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas/Northwest A&F University, Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100， China | | PAN Xiaoyan | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas/Northwest A&F University, Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100， China | | ZHANG Zeyu | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas/Northwest A&F University, Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100， China |
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| Abstract: |
| The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of biochar addition on the yield and quality of tomato cultivated in heavy loam soil under deficit irrigation in greenhouse, to determine the optimal amount of irrigation and biochar addition for the optimal yield and comprehensive quality of tomato,and to provide a theoretical basis for irrigation and biochar application for greenhouse tomato cultivation in heavy loam areas. Nine treatments including 3 biochar additions(0, 3%, and 6% of dry soil weight)and 3 irrigation levels:full irrigation(W1:75%~85%θf), moderate deficit irrigation (W2:55%~65%θf),and severe deficit irrigation(W3:40%~50%θf,θf is the field water capacity) were set up in a bucket experiment. The results showed that the yield decreased by 13.8%~54.0%, and hardness, fruit shape index, vitamin C, soluble solids, and organic acid content of tomato significantly decreased under deficit irrigation without biochar addition, while the fruit shape index and lycopene content showed an increasing trend. Irrigation water use efficiency significantly decreased by 10.9% under severe deficit irrigation. The biochar addition increased yield and irrigation water use efficiency by 12.3%~22.0% and 23.3%~28.6%, respectively, but had no significant effect on VC, lycopene,soluble solids, and appearance quality index under full irrigation. The content of soluble solids significantly decreased by 6.4%~17.7% under full irrigation with biochar addition. The biochar addition wasn’t conducive to the yield improvement under deficit irrigation condition. Compared with C0W3, the yields of C1W3 and C2W3 treatments decreased by 37.6% and 17.1% (P>0.05), respectively,while the appearance quality index, VC, and soluble solids were improved to a certain extent. The irrigation water use efficiency decreased with low biochar addition amount and increased with high biochar addition amount under deficit irrigation. The results of comprehensive analysis showed that adding biochar under all irrigation treatments could optimize the comprehensive ranking of tomato, and the treatment with low biochar addition under full irrigation performed better, while high biochar additionwas better under deficit irrigation, especially, under C2W2 treatment. Also, the comprehensive ranking of tomato achieved the result of full irrigation without the biochar addition. In conclusion, the C1W1 treatment (when the irrigation level was 75%~85%θf and the addition amount of biocharwas 3%) resulted the bestin comprehensive evaluation through the comprehensive consideration of comprehensive principal components of quality, yield, and irrigation water use efficiency. |
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