| In order to explore the factors affecting the structural stability of soil micro\|aggregates in the Kafang tailing pond in Yunnan Province, and reasonably reflect the overall stability of the soil in the tailing pond, the relationship between the structural stability of the micro\|aggregates and the content of heavy metal compounds was analyzed by taking the soil micro\|aggregates and heavy metal compounds (As2O3, Co3O4, Cr2O3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO) in the Kafang tailing pond as the test object.The results showed that the mean values of mean weight diameter (MWD） and geometric (GMD) in the layers of 0~2 m, 2~5 m, 5~8 m, and 8~15 m in the tailing pond were 0.086 mm and 0.048 mm, 0.083 mm and 0.052 mm, 0.031 mm and 0.019 mm, 0.048 mm and 0.029 mm, respectively. The micro\|aggregates structure within the depth of 0~5 m was the most stable one. The variation coefficients of the contents of six heavy metal compounds in soil at different depths were 0.106~0.743, showing moderate variation, and 75% of the measured samples had \[C/(C0+C)\] values greater than 0.75, showing a strong spatial autocorrelation. The six heavy metal compounds showed two different distribution patterns in tailing pond soil, with increasing soil depth, the content of As2O3 and NiO decreased gradually. The contents of CuO, ZnO, Co3O4, and Cr2O3 were uniformly distributed or decreased from layer to layer in the depth of 0~8 m, while the contents of each heavy metal compound increased at the depth of 8~15 m. The CuO and ZnO were the heavy metal compounds that affected the structural stability of soil micro\|aggregates in the Kafang tailing pond. The contribution level of CuO to the stability of the micro\|aggregates was twice that of ZnO at the depth of 0~8 m, and both contribution levels were the same within a depth of 8~15 m. In summary, the contents of CuO and ZnO in soil affected the structural stability of micro\|aggregates, of which CuO had the most contribution to the structural stability of micro\|aggregates. |