| Optimization of drip irrigation and topdressing nitrogen based on apple yield and quality in Northern Shaanxi |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2020.05.21 |
| Key Words: drip irrigation apple irrigation amount topdressing nitrogen yield quality |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHANG Jiankai | College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A＆F University,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | CAO Hongxia | College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A＆F University,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | PAN Xiaoyan | College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A＆F University,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | NAN Xueping | Shaanxi Fruit Technology Group Co. Ltd., Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the optimal scheme of drip irrigation (W) and nitrogen (N) application for apple, A two\|year (2017 and 2018) field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different irrigation and N fertilization on growth, yield, and quality of apple. There were four irrigation levels (W1: 100%I; W2: 80%I; W3: 60%I; and W4: 0) and four N levels (N1: 345 kg·hm-2; N2: 230 kg·hm-2; N3: 115 kg·hm-2; and N4: 0). The results showed that the irrigation and the topdressing nitrogen had significant effects on the growth, yield and quality of apple. Compared with W4N2, the average leaf relative moisture content of W1N2, W2N2, and W3N2 treatments increased by 7.5%, 6.3%, and 2.5%, respectively, and the effect of the amount of applied nitrogen on the relative moisture content of leaves in each treatment was not significant. SPAD value showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the growth stages, the SPAD value of 2 years reached the maximum value in W1N2 treatment, with an average of 61.30. The W2N2 treatment significantly increased apple yield in transverse diameter of 70~80 mm and > 80 mm, total apple yield, and fruit quality. The average weight of single fruit was 212.86 g for 2 years by W1N2 treatment while that was 210.20 g by W2N2 treatment, showing no significant difference between the 2 treatments. In 2 years, vitamin C content reached the maximum value of 5.6 mg·100g-1 in W2N2 treatment, which was 2.7% higher than that with W1N2 and by 11.6% than that with W2N1. Compared with W4N2 treatment, the average soluble solids of W1N2, W2N2, and W3N2 treatments decreased by 11.3%, 4.9%, and 2.5%, respectively, while that of W2N1, W2N2, and W2N3 treatments decreased by 11.7%,9.7%, and 4.8%, respectively. In 2 years, the average of soluble sugar content of W1N2 treatment was 11.53%, only 2.4% higher than that of W2N2 treatment. The titratable acids in the treatment with W1N2 in 2 years were the smallest, with an average value of 0.35%, which was not significantly different from that treated with W2N2. Considering the factors of fruit growth, yield, quality, water saving,and fertilizer, the W2N2 treatment was the best combination for apple irrigation and N application in the study area. |
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