| Effect of no\|tillage with subsoiling in planting row on soil moisture and yield of spring corn in arid and semi\|arid area in the western Liaoning Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.01.01 |
| Key Words: no-tillage with subsoiling in planting row arid and semi\|arid area soil moisture corn yield economic returns |
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| Abstract: |
| The west of Liaoning Province is located in arid and semi\|arid rain farming area，low and extremely variable precipitation have an adverse effect on the corn production. The area is also affected by shallow ploughing layer and thick plow bottom layer because of long\|term small agricultural machinery operations. An experiment to comparing the temporal and spatial distribution of soil moisture in 0~60 cm profile and corn yield and water use efficiency with five different tillage systems (rotary tillage, CK; subsoiling, S; ploughing, F; no\|tillage straw mulching, M; and integrated tillage, MS). The experimental ground was initiated in Mongolian Battalion Town, Beipiao, Liaoning Province. The results showed that: (1) no tillage straw mulching significantly improved the soil moisture content in 0~60 cm soil profile, compared with rotary tillage (CK), the average contents of soil moisture in each layer during the growth period increased by 19.49%~29.21%. (2) The integrated model of soil moisture content of 0~60 cm layers from the middle plough to the mature stage (14.51%~17.07%) was significantly higher than that of no tillage straw mulch (13.78%~15.32%), with an increase of 5.30%~17.07%, especially, the increase of 12.11%~17.07% in the 10~40 cm layers. (3) In 2019, when there was no rain before sowing, compared with rotary tillage (CK), the soil moisture content of 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm layers was greatly improved by no tillage straw mulching and integration mode, among which the soil moisture content of 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm layers were integration mode (13.15% and 14.12%), no tillage straw mulching (11.30% and 13.04%), and under the condition of no rainfall, the soil moisture content of integration mode was better than that of no tillage straw mulching covering satisfied the emergence of corn. (4) Water use efficiency (kg·hm-2·mm-1): integrated tillage in 2018 (33.27) > subsoiling (31.74) > no tillage (28.65) > rotary tillage (28.60) > ploughing (27.85), integrated in 2019 (30.28) > no tillage (25.79) > subsoiling (25.44) > tillage (25.09) > rotary tillage (23.18). (5) The output of integrated mode was 10 980.28 kg·hm-2 in 2018, the output of integrated mode was 15 450.10 kg·hm-2 in 2019, which was significantly higher than that of other cultivation methods in two years, with an increase of 18.93% and 31.75% respectively, compared with rotary cultivation. (6) The economic benefits of the integration mode in 2018 and 2019 were the highest level. Compared with the rotary cultivation (CK), the profit increase of the integration mode in 2018 was 3 321.16 yuan·hm-2, and that of the integration mode in 2019 was 7 074.97 yuan·hm-2. Through two years of experiments, the water distribution characteristics, yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits of the 0~60 cm soil profile of five tillage methods were preliminarily determined, and the integrated model was the best. In the arid and semi\|arid area of western Liaoning, the integrated model partially broke the bottom of plough, effectively absorbs precipitation, had good drought resistance and moisture conservation capacity, alleviated the spring drought in this area, and improved the water use efficiency of farmland and corn yield. |
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