| Study on the suitable sowing density of summer corn with covered ridge and furrow under different rotation patterns |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.02.16 |
| Key Words: summer corn rotation ridge and furrow mulching planting density soil water content growth yield |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LI Pengyu | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | LI Yuannong | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | GU Xiaobo | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China | | FANG Heng | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To determine the optimal seeding density of winter rape-summer corn and winter wheat-summer corn rotation systems with ridge and furrow mulching, and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of regional agriculture and the rational use of water, soil, and heat resources, we set up two sowing dates in 2019, including 28 May (B1, sowing date of summer corn under winter rape summercorn rotation model) and 15 June(B2, sowing date of summer corn under winter wheat and summer corn rotation model).Four treatments were set for each sowing date,including CK (flat did not cover, 50 000 plants·hm-2), M1 (ridge and furrow mulching, 50 000 plants·hm-2), M2 (ridge and furrow mulching, 75 000 plants·hm-2), and M3 (ridge and furrow mulching, 100 000 plants·hm-2).The effects of planting methods and density on soil moisture content, soil temperature, root system, and above-ground growth characteristics, and yield and water use efficiency of summer maize under two rotation cropping patterns were systematically analyzed and compared. The results showed that ridge and furrow mulching could significantly increase the soil water storage capacity of 0~100 cm soil layer and the water use efficiency of 0~200 cm soil layer by 50.2%~82.0% during the whole growth period of summer corn, and increased the soil temperature of 0~25 cm soil layer during the early growth period by 1.6~3.6℃. However, it has no significant effect on the soil temperature in the middle and late growth stages (after jointing). At the same time, the film-mulched summer corn had a larger above-ground dry matter quality and a more developed root system. With the increase of planting density, the stem thickness and leaf area per plant of B1 and B2 summer maize decreased, and the population leaf area index and dry matter quality increased. For every increase of 25 000 plants·hm-2 in density, the leaf area per plant decreased by 6.7% to 14.3% on average, and the leaf area index of the population increased by 20.4% to 33.7% on average.In the mature stage, spike length, spike diameter, row grain number, and 100-grain weight all decreased with increasing planting density, in which 100-grain weight decreased by 4.5%~19.6% on average for every 25 000 plants·hm-2 increase in density. The effective accumulated temperature of B1 summer corn was 153.2℃ higher than that of B2, and the growth period was 8 days longer. Under the same density level, the root and ground growth of summer maize treated with B1 film was better than that with B2, and the yield was increased by 3.7%~21.3% compared with B2. The summer maize of B1 and B2 obtained the highest yield when the ridge and furrow were covered with 100 000 plants·hm-2 and the ridge and furrow were covered with 75 000 plants·hm-2, respectively.It shows that under the winter rape-summer maize rotation model, the growth status and yield of the film-mulched summer maize were better than the winter wheat-summer maize rotation, and the suitable planting density also increased accordingly. |
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