| Effects of phosphorus application on phosphorus composition and availability of spring wheat topsoil on the Loess Plateau of Longzhong |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.05.13 |
| Key Words: spring wheat topsoil phosphorus component phosphorus application Longzhong Loess Plateau |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | QI Peng | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Water\|saving, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | WANG Xiaojiao | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
College of Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | JIAO Yapeng | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | GUO Gaowen | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | MA Juanjuan | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | WU Jun | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Water\|saving, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | CAI Liqun | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Water\|saving, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | ZHANG Renzhi | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
Gansu Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Water\|saving, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China |
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| Abstract: |
| This study was to examine the effect of phosphorus application on the distribution, transformation and availability of soil phosphorus components in order to provide a reference for the efficient use of phosphorus in farmland and soil nutrient balance in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu. The study used the long\|term location fertilization experiment in Mazichuan Village, Lijiabao Town, Dingxi City in 2017, and set four phosphorus application levels (P1=0 kg·hm-2, P2=75 kg·hm-2, P3=115 kg·hm-2, P4=190 kg·hm-2). The Jiang Baifan-Gu Yichu method and Bowman-Cole method were used to analyze and determine the soil inorganic phosphorus (Ca2\|P, Ca8\|P, Al\|P, Fe\|P, O\|P, Ca10\|P) and organic phosphorus components (LOP, MLOP, MROP, HROP) in the cultivated layer (0~20 cm) after harvest. The results showed that the change sequence of soil phosphorus content was Ca10\|P>Ca8\|P> MLOP> O\|P> HROP> Fe\|P> Al\|P> Ca2\|P> MROP> LOP. With the increase of the amount of phosphorus applied, the content of Ca2\|P, Ca8\|P, O\|P, LOP, MLOP, MROP, HROP, available phosphorus and total phosphorus increased, and the increase rates were ranged from 8.41% to 56.95%. The contents of Al\|P, Fe\|P, and Ca10\|P first increased and then decreased, with the maximum values being 43.45 (P2), 37.64 (P2), 341.63 (P3) mg·kg-1 and the minimum values were 28.63, 33.06, 321.96 mg·kg-1, respectively. With the increase of phosphorus application rate, the proportions of Ca2\|P, Ca8\|P， and MLOP increased by 28.00%, 24.46%, and 6.37%, respectively, Al\|P and LOP first increased to 6.00% (P2) and 2.67% (P2), respectively, and then decreased to 4.31% (P4), 2.11% (P4); Fe\|P, Ca10\|P, MROP, and HROP decreased by 5.75%, 12.64%, 21.37%, 6.75%, respectively. O\|P decreased first from 9.17% (P1) to 8.08% (to P3) and then increased to 8.80% (P4). The maximum phosphorus activation coefficient increase was 26.40% （P4）. The relative content of inorganic phosphorus in total phosphorus and the ratio of inorganic phosphorus to organic phosphorus were first increased to 80.41% and 4.10%, and then decreased to 76.32% and 3.21%. The relative content of organic phosphorus in total phosphorus first decreased to 19.59% and then increased to 23.75%. The order to the direct influence of soil phosphorus form on available phosphorus was: Ca8\|P>Ca2\|P>MLOP>LOP>HROP>MROP>Fe\|P>Al\|P>O\|P>Ca10\|P. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression results showed that Ca2\|P was the main source of available phosphorus in spring wheat farmland soils in the Loess Plateau of Longzhong. In summary, Ca2\|P was the most effective source of phosphorus in the plough layer of dry\|farming spring wheat on the Loess Plateau in central Gansu. Long\|term application of phosphate fertilizer mainly reduced the insoluble Fe\|P, O\|P, Ca10\|P, MROP and HROP in the soil, and increased the ratio of Ca2\|P, LOP available for direct use, and Ca8\|P, Al\|P, MLOP with slow effect, so as to improve the content of available phosphorus, which in turn increased the soil’s potential phosphorus supply capacity. |
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