| Effects of biomass charcoal on soil physicochemical properties and corn growth |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.05.15 |
| Key Words: biomass charcoal cron reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer soil properties yield economic performance |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | JI Lidong | Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China | | LIU Xiaotong | Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China | | SI Haili | Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China | | SUN Quan | Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China | | WANG Rui | Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China |
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| Abstract: |
| This study was to explore effects of biomass charcoal application on soil physicochemical properties and corn growth in the Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia. Based on the 20 % reduction of conventional nitrogen fertilization with different biochar application rates, a total of six fertilization treatments were designed. The treatments included blank control (CK), conventional fertilization treatment (T1: N∶P2O5∶K2O=27∶12∶6), and biochar application 2.25 t·hm-2 (T2), biochar application 4.50 t·hm-2 (T3), biochar application 6.75 t·hm-2 (T4), biochar application 9.00 t·hm-2 (T5). The results showed that on the basis of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20%, the application of biomass charcoal significantly increased soil organic matter, available nutrient content, and soil water-stable aggregates, and it also increased the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes and enzyme activity content. The fresh root weight, root tip number, branch number, total root length, root surface area, and total root volume of corn, as well as nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and nitrogen partial productivity were also increased. In short, application of biomass charcoal improved soil physicochemical properties, promoted corn growth and increased yield. T2, T3, T4, T5 treatments significantly increased soil organic matter content, respectively by 27.06%, 30.59%, 37.65%, 48.24%, and the available potassium content by 10.84%, 11.82%, 20.20%, and 43.84% when compared with T1 (P<0.05). Increasing the application rates of biomass charcoal effectively improved the stability of the soil, and T3, T4, and T5 treatments significantly increased soil water\|stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) by 55.35%, 128.49%, and 133.50%, respectively, when compared with T1 (P<0.05). When the application rate of biomass charcoal reached 4.50 t·hm-2(T3), the number of bacteria and total bacteria reached the maximum. When the biochar application rate exceeded 4.5 t·hm-2, soil enzyme activities increased significantly and the content of invertase activity reached the maximum at T4 treatment, with a significant increase by 140.23% as compared to T1 (P<0.05). In addition, the growth of agronomic traits in T4 treatment was the best, and the yield increased by 41.4% when compared with T1. The application of biomass charcoal significantly increased nitrogen fertilizer efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and nitrogen partial productivity. Of which T4 treatment was the most obvious, with the increase by 38.02%, 18.79 kg·kg-1, 23.54 kg·kg-1, respectively, when compared with T1 treatment. Therefore, the 20 % reduction of conventional nitrogen fertilization combined with the application of biochar 6.75 t·hm-2 (T4) can be used as the best method for corn fertilization and biomass charcoal application in Yanghuang irrigation area. |
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