| Effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rate on yield, water use efficiency and quality of dryland maize with film mulching |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.05.22 |
| Key Words: dryland maize with film mulching planting density nitrogen fertilizer rate yield water use efficiency quality |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHAO Hui | Gansu Agriculture Technology College, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China | | LI Shangzhong | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | FAN Tinglu | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | ZHAO Gang | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | DANG Yi | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | WANG Lei | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | ZHANG Jianjun | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | WANG Shuying | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | CHENG Wanli | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | TANG Xiaoming | Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China |
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| Abstract: |
| The field experiment took the dry land film mulching maize ‘Xianyu 335’ as the material, adopted the two\|factor randomized block design, with three levels of planting density: 4.5×104 plants·hm-2 (low density: D4.5), 6.0×104 plants·hm-2(medium density: D6.0), and 7.5×104 plants·hm-2 (high density: D7.5), and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer rate including 0 kg·hm-2 (N0),150 kg·hm-2 (N150), 300 kg·hm-2 (N300), and 450 kg·hm-2 (N450). Different treatments were compared to determine the soil moisture in 0~2 m depths before sowing and harvest, SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield, WUE, and main quality index of maize in 2017 (summer drought year) and 2018 (wet year). The results showed that the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate increased SPAD value, LAI, 100-grain weight, grain number per spike, yield, WUE, content of protein and volume weight. The average values of N 450 treatment were 55.1, 2.57, 34.7 g, 649.9 grain number, 12 652.7 kg·hm-2, 25.5 kg·hm-2·mm-1, 10.11%, and 740.1 g·L-1, respectively, and these values increased by 18.5%, 24.5%, 13.4%,14.0%, 31.2%, 20.9%, 29.3%, and 7.4 g·L-1 compared with N0. The accumulation of fat and starch was negatively regulated by increasing nitrogen fertilizer, but there was no significant difference in harvest index (HI) (P＞0.05). The increase of planting density increased LAI, yield, WUE, and content of starch and fat, and the average values of D7.5 treatment were 2.70, 13 022.5 kg·hm-2, 26.4 kg·hm-2·mm-1, 73.6%, and 3.66%, respectively, and these values increased by 33.7%, 25.8%, 18.9%, 1.4%, and 3.1% compared with D4.5. The increase of planting density had a negative effect on SPAD, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight, protein content, and volume weight. The change trend of HI among different densities was different according to the precipitation. At the same time, regardless of the annual precipitation, the interaction effects of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rate on the population quality indexes (such as SPAD value, LAI, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight, etc.), yield and WUE were significant (P＜0.05). In other words, the yield, WUE, and quality of dryland maize were restricted by precipitation, planting density, nitrogen fertilizer rate, and their interaction effects. In this experimental area (annual precipitation is about 500 mm), yield, WUE, and quality of maize were improved simultaneously under the combination of planting density of 7.5×104 plants·hm-2, and the nitrogen fertilizer rate (pure nitrogen) of 150~300 kg·hm-2. |
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