不同秸秆与氮肥管理措施对夏玉米产量及氮素利用的影响

王鑫宇; 蔡焕杰; 王晓云; 赵政鑫; 王锐

Effects of different straw and nitrogen fertilizer management measures on summer maize yield and nitrogen utilization

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DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.06.21

Key Words: maize straw returning nitrogen application yield nitrogen utilization

Author Name	Affiliation
WANG Xinyu	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Institute of Water\\|saving Agriculture in Arid Areas in Northwest China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
CAI Huanjie	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Institute of Water\\|saving Agriculture in Arid Areas in Northwest China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
WANG Xiaoyun	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Institute of Water\\|saving Agriculture in Arid Areas in Northwest China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
ZHAO Zhengxin	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Institute of Water\\|saving Agriculture in Arid Areas in Northwest China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
WANG Rui	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Institute of Water\\|saving Agriculture in Arid Areas in Northwest China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on summer maize yield and nitrogen utilization under different straw returning modes, the field experiment including two factors of nitrogen application measures and straw returning modes were created. Three nitrogen application measures were stable nitrogen fertilizer application rate F1(180 kg·hm^-2), urea reduction nitrogen application rate F2(180 kg·hm^-2), and farmer urea traditional nitrogen application rate F3(270 kg·hm^-2). The 2 levels of straw returning modes were straw not returned to the field (N) and straw returned to the field (S). There were 6 treatments were established. The results showed that the maize yield of each nitrogen application measure ranged from 8 708.16 kg·hm^-2 to 9 626.71 kg·hm^-2 under different straw returning modes, and there was no significant difference found between the treatments (P>0.05). Under different nitrogen application measures, the yield of straw returned to the field (S) was higher than that of straw not returned to the field (N), with an increase of 4.96%~8.94% (P>0.05). Nitrogen application measure had a significant impact on soil N₂O emissions (P<0.05). Under different straw returning modes, the soil N₂O emissions of stable nitrogen fertilizer measure F1 and urea reduction measure F2 were significantly lower than that of farmer urea traditional nitrogen application F3 urea farmers by 29.26%~68.52%, and there was a significant difference between F1 and F2 (P<0.05). Under different nitrogen application measures, except for the significant difference in N₂O emissions from SF2 and NF2 (1.53 kg·hm^-2 and 1.91 kg·hm^-2), there was no significant difference between other straw returning treatments (P>0.05). Under different straw returning modes, the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of each nitrogen application measure ranged from 1.61 kg·hm^-2 to 15.40 kg·hm^-2. The cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of F3 was the highest (14.37 kg·hm^-2 and 15.40 kg·hm^-2), followed by that of F2 (11.80 kg·hm^-2 and 12.49 kg·hm^-2), and that of F1 was the lowest (1.61 kg·hm^-2 and 1.79 kg·hm^-2), which reached a significant level among the various nitrogen application measures (P<0.05). Under different nitrogen application measures, the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of straw returned to the field (S) was 5.85%~11.18% higher than that of straw not returned to the field (N), but there was no significant difference except for the significant difference between SF3 and NF3. Under different straw returning modes, the NO^-₃-N content of the 0~100 cm soil layer of each nitrogen application measure showed F3>F2>F1. The soil NO^-₃-N content of the straw returned to the field treatments (SF1, SF2 and SF3) was significantly lower than that of straw not returned to the field (NF1, NF2 and NF3), significantly reduced by 65.65%, 144.79% and 128.48%, respectively. Therefore, considering crop yield and nitrogen loss in farmland comprehensively, the treatment of straw returning + stable nitrogen fertilizer (SF1) was the best experimental treatment combination for stable production and emission reduction of summer maize in this study area.