| Effects of water deficit at growth stages and nitrogen application on leaf enzyme activities and water and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse tomato |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.03.15 |
| Key Words: leaf enzyme activity water and nitrogen utilization efficiency water deficit greenhouse tomato principal component analysis |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LI Xufeng | College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China | | MA Juanjuan | College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China | | ZHENG Lijian | College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China | | SUN Xihuan | College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China | | GUO Xianghong | College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China |
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| Abstract: |
| The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of water deficit at different growth stages and different nitrogen application on leaf physiological characteristics and water and nitrogen utilization of greenhouse tomato, in order to improve tomato stress resistance, increase organic matter accumulation and improve water and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Through the greenhouse plot experiment, four irrigation levels of W1 (full irrigation during the whole growth period), W2 (50% less irrigation at seedling stage), W3 (50% less irrigation at seedling and flowering and fruit-setting stages), and W4 (50% reduction of irrigation at seedling stage, flowering and fruit-setting stage, and mature stage) and three nitrogen application levels (N1：400 kg·hm-2; N2：300 kg·hm-2; N3：200 kg·hm-2) were used. The responses of enzyme activity and SPAD value in tomato leaves to different irrigation and nitrogen application levels were analyzed, and the effects of water and nitrogen supply on tomato growth and utilization of water and nitrogen were investigated. The results showed that reducing irrigation amount increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). The activities of SOD and POD in W2 level were the highest, while the content of MDA was the lowest. Under W2 level, the activities of SOD and POD first increased and then decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application amount. The activities of SOD and POD in treatment W2N2 were the highest, which were 25.90% and 71.74% higher than that in treatment W1N1, respectively. The content of MDA was the lowest, which was 8.07% lower than that in treatment W1N1. There was a strong positive correlation between the SPAD value of tomato median leaves and the mean SPAD value of different leaf positions. With the decrease of nitrogen application amount, the mean SPAD value of different leaf positions gradually decreased, and with the decrease of irrigation amount, the SPAD value first increased and then decreased. The SPAD values of the median leaves were 4.72%~14.43% and 5.18%~12.82% higher than those of the upper and lower leaves, respectively. With the decrease of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount, the biomass and market yield of tomato decreased gradually. The biomass and yield of tomato under treatment W1N1 were the highest, which were 9 765.12 kg·hm-2 and 92.61 t·hm-2, respectively. Appropriate water saving and nitrogen reduction were beneficial to the utilization of water and nitrogen in tomato. The water use efficiency of W2N2 was the highest, 22.40% higher than that of W1N3 (the lowest). The nitrogen partial productivity of treatment W1N3 was the highest, 72.00% higher than that of treatment W4N1 (the lowest). The W2N2 treatment had the highest comprehensive score of principal component analysis, and it had the strongest stress resistance and was conducive to the growth of tomato and full utilization of water and nitrogen, so it was the best water and nitrogen treatment under the conditions of this experiment. |
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