| ffects of different fermented straws returning on soil fertility and maize quality in seed maize field |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.05.25 |
| Key Words: fermented straw returning to field seed maize soil fertility maize quality |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LIU Xingbin | Research Institute of Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China | | MA Zonghai | Research Institute of Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China | | YAN Zhibin | Research Institute of Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China | | FAN Tinglu | Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 731000, China | | CHEN Shaojiang | College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100010, China | | WANG Xue | Research Institute of Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China | | MA Shijun | Research Institute of Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China | | YAN Fuhai | Research Institute of Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China | | MA Mingbang | Research Institute of Gansu Dunhuang Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd., Jiuquan, Gansu 735000, China | | QIN Jiahai | Hexi Institute College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Effects of fermented wheat, maize, bean, pea, rapeseed and sunflower straw returning on soil fertility and maize quality were studied in Baji village of Ganjun Town, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province for 15 consecutive years. The results showed that the order of bulk density of 0~20 cm soil layer in seed maize field after returning 6 kinds of fermented straw was: wheat straw < maize straw < pea stalks < sunflower stalk < rapeseed straw < bean stalk. The order of aggregate porosity, water stability and total capacity was: wheat straw > maize straw > pea straw > sunflower straw > rapeseed straw > beans straw. The order of seed maize field pH value was: wheat straw < maize stover < sunflower stalk < rapeseed straw < bean stalk < pea stalks. The order of CEC, organic matter, available NPK, microorganism quantity, enzyme activity and breeding of maize yield was: wheat straw > maize straw > sunflower stalk > rapeseed straw > beans straw > pea stalks. Compared with maize straw, sunflower straw, rapeseed straw, broad bean straw and pea straw, alkali\|hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 0.87%, 3.51%, 6.23%, 8.07% and 9.93%, and available phosphorus increased by 2.20%, 2.51%, 6.45%, 6.67% and 7.57%. Available potassium increased by 1.98%, 3.12%, 4.59%, 6.12% and 6.40%, the number of bacteria increased by 3.66%, 4.70%, 11.03%, 14.29% and 19.54%, and the number of actinomycetes increased by 7.28%, 8.87%, 17.55%, 27.01% and 36.42%. Sucrase activity increased by 0.74%, 3.70%, 6.56%, 12.16% and 13.41%, and urease activity increased by 6.59%, 10.23%, 16.16%, 25.97% and 30.20%. Phosphatase activity increased by 3.67%, 5.16%, 7.62%, 8.26% and 10.88%, and polyphenol oxidase activity increased by 4.35%, 9.09%, 30.91%, 41.18% and 50.00%. The yield of seed maize increased by 2.03%, 3.17%, 5.33%, 6.36% and 8.49%. The order of soluble sugar contents, starch and crude protein in seed maize was wheat straw > maize straw > rapeseed straw > sunflower straw > pea straw > broad bean straw. Compared with maize straw, rapeseed straw, sunflower straw, pea straw and broad bean straw, the soluble sugar content of wheat straw increased by 2.02%, 7.75%, 13.25%, 18.52% and 23.10%, while the starch content increased by 2.05%, 3.11%, 6.28%, 10.70% and 14.13%, crude protein content increased by 1.01%, 5.11%, 12.56%, 13.41% and 16.77%. The order of fertilizer profit and fertilizer investment efficiency was wheat straw > maize straw > sunflower straw > rapeseed straw > broad bean straw > pea straw. Compared with maize straw, sunflower straw, rapeseed straw, faba bean straw and pea straw, the fertilization profit of seed maize increased by 0.09, 0.16, 0.25, 0.31×104 Yuan·hm-2 and 0.40×104 Yuan·hm-2, and the fertilizer investment efficiency increased by 0.17, 0.40, 0.58, 0.77 Yuan·Yuan-1 and 0.97 Yuan·Yuan-1. The application of fermented wheat straw in maize seed production bases is conducive to solving the problems of soil fertility decline and unstable yield and quality of seed maize. |
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