| Effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate on grain filling characteristics and water and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.06.10 |
| Key Words: groundwater depth nitrogen application rate grain filling nitrogen partial productivity WUE |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | BAI Fangfang | Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | QIAO Dongmei | Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China | | LI Ping | Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
Agricultural Water Soil Environmental Field Research Station of Xinxiang, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China | | QI Xuebin | Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
Water Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China | | WANG Hezhou | Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
National Agro\|ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China | | GUO Wei | Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
Water Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China | | HAN Yang | Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | ZHAO Yulong | Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: |
| The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate on grain\|filling process and water and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize. ‘Huaiyu 208’ was used as the experimental material. A two\|factor experiment of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate with randomized block test method was adopted based on a large\|scale lysimeter. The experiment was conducted with groundwater depth (GW) of 2 m, 3 m and 4 m and nitrogen application rate (N) of 300 kg·hm-2 and 240 kg·hm-2. Results showed that: (1) The 100-grain weight of summer maize under all treatments showed an S-shaped curve with the days after flowering. Both nitrogen application rate and groundwater depth significantly affected the 100-grain weight of summer maize, but the interaction between them was not significant. Under the same groundwater depth, the 100-grain weight of summer maize with nitrogen application rate of 300 kg·hm-2 was significantly higher than that with nitrogen application rate of 240 kg·hm-2. (2) The grain filling rate of summer maize under different treatments showed a “parabolic” trend. Logistic equation fitted the grain filling process of each treatment well. The 100-grain weight of summer maize at harvest stage was significantly positively correlated with the grain weight at the maximum grain filling rate, and the average grain filling rate of summer maize. Groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate had a significant interaction effects on summer maize filling parameters. (3) Groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate had a significant interaction on summer maize yield, and N300GW4 treatment had the highest yield, while N240GW3 treatment had the lowest yield. The yield of summer maize was positively correlated with ear length, ear diameter, 100-grain weight, ear rows, grain numbers per row and grain numbers per spike. (4) Nitrogen application rate, groundwater depth and their interaction significantly affected the partial nitrogen productivity of summer maize. Nitrogen application rate significantly affected summer maize WUE, but groundwater depth and their interaction had no significant effect. Both the nitrogen use efficiency and WUE of summer maize under N240GW4 treatment were the highest. In conclusion, groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate had significant interaction on water and nitrogen use efficiency and grain filling process of summer maize. The N240GW4 treatment is the recommended agricultural green and high\|yield production mode. |
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