| Effects of straw returning form and amount on nitrogen accumulation and translocation as well as yield and quality of rice |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.03.28 |
| Key Words: rice straw returning nitrogen yield quality |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LIU Lihua | Agricultural College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319, China | | QIN Meng | Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Qiqihar，Heilongjiang 161000, China | | ZHAI Lingxia | Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Qiqihar，Heilongjiang 161000, China | | CUI Shize | Agricultural College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319, China | | LI Ruisong | Agricultural College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319, China | | ZHENG Junqi | Agricultural College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319, China | | WANG Ximing | Agricultural College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319, China | | LI Hongyu | Agricultural College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319, China | | YAO Qin | Agricultural College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319, China | | LIN Xiaoying | Bawusi Farm of Heilongjiang Province, Mishan, Heilongjiang 158300, China | | ZHENG Guiping | Agricultural College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163319, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Straw returning to the field is a widely used straw treatment method at present. However, there are problems such as low decomposition efficiency, easy occurrence of pests and diseases, and release of organic acids. The steam explosion technology has an effect of destroying the cohesion between the straw fibers, increasing the specific surface area of the straw, making it easier to be degraded by microorganisms and eliminate the eggs of diseases and insects carried by the straw itself. In this study, two forms of straw returning to the field were used: extruded straw and conventional straw. A pot experiment was carried out in 2020 and 2021 to investigate effects of the two return methods on rice growth, yield, quality, nitrogen accumulation and translocation. A single\|factor completely randomized design was adopted. The rice variety ‘Kenjing 8’ was used as the test material and with no straw returning to the field as the control (CK) and 7 500 kg·hm-2 of local straw return to the field as the base. Four return rates for each return method of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were employed with a total of 9 treatments. The results show that nitrogen accumulation in the full heading stage was in the form of puffed straw return > CK > direct straw return, and decreased with the increase of returning amount. Compared with CK, the 25% puffed straw returning to the field increased by 10.92% and 11.66% respectively, and the direct straw return was slightly lower than that of CK. At the mature stage, 25% extruded straw returning to the field increased 1.11% and 10.54% compared with CK in two years, respectively, and 75% straw returning to the field significantly increased 4.99% compared with CK in 2020. The treatment of 50% of 2021 straw returning to field was the best, which increased 8.51% compared with CK. Compared with CK, the straw returning treatment increased the yield of rice. Under different returning rates, the puffed straw return rate was the highest at 25%, increasing by 5.54% and 8.93% respectively compared with CK in two years. The direct straw return was highest at 75%, increasing by 6.65% and 9.14% respectively compared with CK in the two years. The processing quality, nutritional quality and eating quality of rice were improved by straw extruding treatment and direct straw returning treatment during the two years. The taste scores of rice with 25% and 50% extruded straw return were higher than that of rice with the same amount of straw, but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, the treatment of 25% extruded straw returning to the field was beneficial to improvement of rice yield and quality followed by the treatment of 75% direct straw returning to the field. The study provides a theoretical and technical reference for high yield and good quality of rice. |
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