| Effects of different tillage practices on physiological characteristics in flag leaves and grain yield of wheat during the summer fallow season in dryland of Western Henan |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.05.19 |
| Key Words: wheat summer fallow season tillage practice grain yield physiological characteristics dryland in western Henan |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHAO Wenxin | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | HUANG Ming | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | LI Youjun | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | WU Jinzhi | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | ZHAO Kainan | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | ZHANG Jun | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | LI Shujing | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | WANG Hongtao | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | HUANG Xiuli | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | LI Shuang | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | LI Wenna | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China |
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| Abstract: |
| A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different practices on soil moisture, physiological characteristics in flag leaves during the grain filling stage, and gain yield in Meiyao Village, Luoning County—a typical dryland in the southern Loess Plateau in 2018-2022. The tillage practices included conventional plowing (CP), once deep plowing (DP), no\|tillage with straw mulching (NT) and optimized subsoiling with straw mulching (OST). Tillage in the summer fallow season significantly affected the soil moisture, and the physiological characteristics in flag leaves, grain yield of wheat in dryland, but the effects on the physiological characteristics varied in different grain filling stage. Compared with CP, the soil moisture in DP, NT and OST increased significantly by 4.1%, 6.2% and 13.2%, respectively, averaged from sowing to maturity. The flag leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in OST were increased by 6.3%~114.4% than that in CP, DP and NT. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities in flag leaves in OST were increased by 0.3%~39.8%, 10.3%~66.7% and 5.6%~46.2%, but the soluble sugar (SS) and proline (Pro) were significantly decreased by 4.1%~31.8% and 3.5%~53.4%, compared with other tillage practices during the whole grain filling stage. Compared with CP, the 4-year average yield in DP, NT and OST were significantly increased by 18.5%, 11.5% and 35.3%, respectively. OST were beneficial to increase spike numbers and 1000-grain weight, DP was beneficial to increase grains per spike. The correlation analysis results showed that the correlation between the grain yield and the physiological parameters in flag leaves varied according to growing season, grain filling stage and measured index.Increased CAT activity during the whole grain filling stage, as well as Pn and SOD activity during the medium, and medium and late grain filling stages and decreased SS and Pro content during the whole grain filling stage in flag leaves were beneficial to increase grain yield in dryland winter wheat. In conclusion, optimized subsoiling with straw mulching(OST), where subsoiling was conducted after about 14 days of previous wheat harvest and straw mulching during the summer fallow season improved the soil moisture at sowing and then during the growth stage, thereby imporved flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics increased resistance, and ultimately increased the grain yield of wheat. Therefore, OST was an optimal tillage practice in summer fallow season for realizing high yields in dryland wheat. |
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