| Effects of different winter rape mulchings on soil physical and chemical properties and microorganisms |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.06.14 |
| Key Words: winter rape mulching dry matter quality soil water content nitrogen accumulation soil microbial diversity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | JIAO Jintang | The State Key Laboratory of Crops in Arid Habitat Jointly Built by the Province and the Ministry/Agricultural College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | SUN Wancang | The State Key Laboratory of Crops in Arid Habitat Jointly Built by the Province and the Ministry/Agricultural College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | FANG Yan | The State Key Laboratory of Crops in Arid Habitat Jointly Built by the Province and the Ministry/Agricultural College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | CHEN Qixian | Gansu Provincial Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | CUI Xiaoru | Gansu Provincial Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | MIAO Chunqing | Zhangye Agricultural Science Research Institute, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China | | BAI Jing | Zhangye Agricultural Science Research Institute, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China | | AN Lirong | Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Jinta County, Gansu Province, Jinta, Gansu 735300, China | | LUO Xinggang | Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Jinta County, Gansu Province, Jinta, Gansu 735300, China | | WAN Haiyuan | Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Jinta County, Gansu Province, Jinta, Gansu 735300, China | | TAO Xiaolei | The State Key Laboratory of Crops in Arid Habitat Jointly Built by the Province and the Ministry/Agricultural College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | WANG Wangtian | School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | YANG Gang | The State Key Laboratory of Crops in Arid Habitat Jointly Built by the Province and the Ministry/Agricultural College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | MA Li | The State Key Laboratory of Crops in Arid Habitat Jointly Built by the Province and the Ministry/Agricultural College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China | | WU Junyan | The State Key Laboratory of Crops in Arid Habitat Jointly Built by the Province and the Ministry/Agricultural College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China |
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| Abstract: |
| From 2021-2022, five different types of winter rape mulching treatments were set up in the rape breeding base of Gansu Agricultural University, Shangchuan Town, Yongdeng County, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, including ‘Longyou 7’ mulching (SC), ‘Tianyou 2’ mulching (WC), ‘Longyou 99’ mulching (LX), ‘Longyou 88’ mulching (SR), and ‘Tianyou 2288’ mulching (WR) to provide a basis for selecting suitable types of rapeseed for autumn and winter fallow field coverage in this area. The results showed that the coverage of Brassica rapa during the five\|leaf stage was higher than that of Brassica napus, and after entering the overwintering stage, the coverage of Brassica napus was higher than that of Brassica rapa. Both the Brassica napus and Brassica rapa varieties had good coverage effects. The Brassica napus varieties ‘Longyou 88’ and Brassica rapa ‘Longyou 99’ had their own advantages in coverage effects at different stages, and both were used as winter fallow coverage materials. Before winter, the photosynthetic indicators of the Brassica napus were higher than those of the Brassica rapa, and the Brassica napus varieties had coverage advantages over the Brassica rapa. Winter rapeseed mulching had the effect of reducing soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity. With the increase of soil depth, both soil bulk density and soil porosity first increased and then decreased. Winter rapeseed mulching increased the soil moisture content of 0~30 cm soil layer, and the water retention effect of cabbage mulching was better than that of cabbage mulching. Compared with CK, the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in the 0~30 cm soil layer increased by 54.00%, 85.00%, 20.62%, 15.30%, and 39.30%, respectively. The content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in the 0~30 cm soil layer of the Brassica napus coverage treatment was higher than that of the Brassica rapa, while the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil of the Brassica rapa coverage treatment was higher than that of the Brassica napus. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil basic nutrients was positively correlated with the dominant phylum of bacteria and fungi. Short term winter rapeseed coverage increased the biomass of spring wheat but had no effect on its yield. In summary, the coverage of Brassica napus performed better than that of Brassica rapa in improving photosynthetic characteristics and soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. The coverage of Brassica rapa winter rapeseed was better than that of Brassica napus in increasing soil water content and soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content. Therefore, Brassica napus ‘Longyou 88’ and Brassica rapa ‘Longyou 7’ are ideal coverage crops in this area, and their mixed planting effect is better. |
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