| Effects of tillage methods on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities in wheat\|soybean rotation filed in dryland of western Henan Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.06.18 |
| Key Words: dryland rotation field farming methods soil physical and chemical properties soil enzymes |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LI Shuang | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | LI Wenna | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | GUAN Haoyue | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | LI Mengyao | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | WU Jinzhi | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | ZHAO Kainan | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | ZHANG Jun | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | HUANG Ming | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China | | LI Youjun | College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the effects of tillage methods on soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities in different soil layers of wheat\|soybean rotation field in dryland of western Henan Province, three tillage methods of no\|tillage (NT), rotary tillage (RT) and plowing tillage (PT), were set up in Luoyang City, Henan Province. The soil bulk density, porosity, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium as well as the activities of soil urease, protease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase were analyzed after 9\|year\|located tillage management (2009-2019). Moreover, the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities was studied by correlation and path analysis. The results showed that tillage methods had significant regulatory effects on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities, and their regulatory effects were related to the depth of tillage. Compared with PT, RT reduced the soil bulk density in 0~15 cm soil layer but increased the soil bulk density in 15~35 cm soil layer. Compared with RT and PT, NT significantly reduced the soil bulk density in 0~5, 15~35 cm and 35~60 cm soil layers. The change tendency of soil porosity was opposite to that of soil bulk density. The effects of different treatments on contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and activities of soil urease, protease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase were consistent in 0~5 cm soil layer and 15~35 cm soil layer. NT showed the best performance in the 0~5 cm soil layer, which was significantly increased by 16.7%, 53.2%, 15.9%, 23.6%, 18.0%, 34.7% and 29.0%, respectively, compared with that in PT (the lowest treatment). PT had the best performance in the 15~35 cm soil layer, which was significantly increased by 18.3%, 23.4%, 53.4%, 5.8%, 16.6%, 29.0% and 21.6%, respectively, compared with that in NT (the lowest treatment). In the 5~15 cm soil layer, the regulative effects of treatments on contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and soil protease activity were consistent and the best performance was observed in RT, which were significantly increased by 13.8%, 23.0%, 16.0% and 10.7%, respectively, compared with that in NT (the lowest treatment), however, the regulative effects on soil available potassium content and the activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase were consistent and the best performance was observed in RT, which were significantly increased by 6.8%, 14.8%, 14.8% and 12.8%, respectively, compared with that in PT (the lowest treatment). The results of correlation and path analysis showed that tillage method could directly or indirectly affected soil enzyme activity via regulating soil nutrient content. Among them, soil bulk density was significantly negatively correlated with soil enzyme activity, but soil porosity and the measured soil nutrient contents were significantly positively correlated with soil enzyme activity. Soil organic matter had a great direct positive effect on soil urease and invertase, and it was the main limiting factor of soil protease and alkaline phosphatase. Soil total nitrogen was the main determinant of soil protease. Soil available phosphorus was the main limiting factor of soil urease and invertase. Soil available potassium was the main determinant of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase. In all, NT, RT and PT optimized the bulk density, porosity and nutrient content of 0~5, 5~15 cm and 15~35 cm soil layers, respectively, and thus regulated the enzyme activities in the corresponding soil layers. However, the effects of nutrient contents on soil enzymes were different for different indexes. Different tillage methods should be selected according to local conditions for realizing the balance distribution of physico\|chemical properties and enzymes in wheat\|soybean rotation fields in dry farming areas. |
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