| Effects of long\|term straw returning on soil organic carbon and nitrogen components and maize yield in brown soil farmland |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.03.09 |
| Key Words: straw return activated carbon activated nitrogen sensitivity index |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHAO Yuhang | College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China | | YIN Haokai | College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China | | HU Xuechun | College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China | | XIE Wenyan | College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China | | LIU Zhiping | College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China | | ZHOU Huaiping | College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China | | YANG Zhenxing | College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Based on a continuous 30-year long\|term locational experiment from 1992 to 2022, the effects of four different straw return methods including no straw returned to the field (CK), straw mulching returned to the field (SM), straw crushed and directly returned to the field (SC) and straw returned to the field in the overgrowth (CM) on soil organic carbon, nitrogen fractions and crop yields were investigated. The results showed that (1) Straw returning increased the content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and its components in the tillage layer compared with CK. The content of total organic carbon (SOC), light group organic carbon (LFOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water\|soluble organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the soil layer of 0~20 cm of the CM treatment were significantly increased by 42.85%, 93.51%, 80.09%, 190.42% and 123.38%, respectively. The contents of soil total nitrogen (TN), light group organic nitrogen (LFON), microbial mass nitrogen (MBN), water\|soluble organic nitrogen (WSON), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) increased significantly by 49.37%, 34.26%, 69.49%, 172.73% and 129.29%, respectively. (2) The ratio of each active organic carbon component to soil organic carbon showed LFOC>POC>MBC>DOC; the ratio of each nitrogen component to soil total nitrogen showed LFON>PON>MBN>WSON. (3) The highest sensitivity index under CM and SC treatments was DOC, which could be used as an indicator of the change of organic matter in the early stage of CM and SC treatments. LFOC had the highest sensitivity index under SM treatment and could be used as an indicator of early organic matter changes in SM treatment. (4) Significant positive correlations were found between soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions, in which DOC better reflected the changes of SOC and WSON better reflected the changes of TN. (5) Compared with CK, long\|term straw return could significantly increase corn yield, and the cumulative yields of SM, SC and CM treatments increased by 6.38%, 7.82% and 23.00%, respectively. In summary, long\|term straw return was an effective tillage measure to improve soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions and crop yield, and the effect of returning straw to the field was most prominent, which should be popularized in the dryland maize cultivation area of the Loess Plateau. |
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