| Effects of different fertilizer and water treatments on sugar metabolism and quality of Ruixianghong apple fruits |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.03.12 |
| Key Words: apple fertilizer and water treatment fruit quality sugar metabolism |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | HU Yu | College of Horticulture,Nortwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100，China | | WANG Yuanji | College of Horticulture,Nortwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100，China | | HE Ying | College of Horticulture,Nortwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100，China | | FENG Yuchen | College of Horticulture,Nortwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100，China | | JIA Rongjian | College of Horticulture,Nortwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100，China | | NING Ruiyuan | College of Horticulture,Nortwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100，China | | SHI Tao | Qingcheng Station of Apple Experiment and Demonstration, Qingcheng，Gansu 745199, China | | ZHAO Zhengyang | College of Horticulture,Nortwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100，China
Qingcheng Station of Apple Experiment and Demonstration, Qingcheng，Gansu 745199, China |
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| Abstract: |
| A five\|year\|old Ruixianghong apple was employed as the test object. The control treatment (CK) included only basic fertilizer, T1 treatment received three applications of N 0.34 kg·plant-1, P2O5 0.20 kg·plant-1, and K2O 0.32 kg·plant-1 in the months of March, June, and September based on the baseline fertilizer, T2 was based on the fertilization of T1 treatment with 0.03 m3 per plant per fertilizing time, and T3 was irrigated seven times at a rate of 0.03 m3·plant-1 on the assumption that only basal fertilizer was used during growth period. N 0.34 kg·plant-1, P2O5 0.20 kg·plant-1, and K2O 0.32 kg·plant-1 were applied five times to T4 based on basal fertilizer in March (before germination), April (before flowering), May (after falling flower), June (flower bud differentiation), and August (fruit expansion). Based on T4, T5 treatment increased irrigation by 0.03 m3·plant-1 per fertilization. To investigate the effects of various fertilizer and water treatments on soil nutrients, sugar metabolism, and apple fruit quality, a total of six treatments were set up. The findings demonstrated that irrigation throughout the growth phase improved single fruit mass and productivity while reducing fruit hardness under the same fertilization conditions, and the single fruit weight and yield of T2 were the highest (235.93 g, 45 037.11 kg·hm-2). As irrigation increased, the amount of titratable acid and nitrogen in fruit dropped in comparison to CK (T3), the decline was 14.85% and 21.29%, respectively. Fertilizer and irrigation applications raised the pericarp’s overall volatile matter concentration. When compared with CK, the total level of volatile matter in the pericarp was considerably higher in T2, T3, T4, and T5. T3 treatment had the greatest total content of volatile compounds. Fruit sweetness rose in response to T1 and T2 treatments, which were correlated with increased fructose and glucose levels and sucrose synthase and acid invertase activity. Furthermore, fruits’ sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was reduced by irrigation and fertilization. The fruit quality indicators of Ruixianghong were found to be affected by six different fertilizer and water treatments, as shown by the comprehensive assessment indexes of subordinate function, which were as follows: T2>T1>T5>T3>T4>CK. In summary, the Ruixianghong apple generated more fruit and had higher\|quality fruit in arid places if a small amount of fertilizer and water was applied more frequently. Fruits with moderate levels of fertilizer and water treatment contained more sugar and glucose. The T2 treatment had the highest yield and fruit quality, making it an ideal option for fertilization when growing apples in arid regions. |
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