| Effects of supplementary irrigation on growth, yield, and water use efficiency of millet in the Loess Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.05.05 |
| Key Words: millet supplementary irrigation yield water use efficiency Loess Plateau |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHAO Fangyang | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling，Shaanxi 712100, China | | CAO Hongxia | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling，Shaanxi 712100, China | | MA Lina | Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China | | DANG Xiaowen | Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China | | WAN Yu | Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China | | PENG Meiling | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling，Shaanxi 712100, China | | LI Zhijun | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling，Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To study the effects of supplementary irrigation on millet growth, yield, and water use efficiency during key periods, and to establish an optimal irrigation strategy for sustainable and efficient water resource use in arid regions, ‘Jin Gu 21’ was selected as the experimental material. Six supplementary irrigation treatments of irrigation at the jointing stage (J), heading stage (H), seedling and jointing stages (SJ), jointing and heading stages (JH), jointing and filling stages (JF), and jointing, heading, and filling stages (JHF) were applied in addition to basal irrigation. Rain\|fed without mulching (CK1) and basal irrigation with mulching (CK2,) were used as control treatments. The effects of irrigation timing on plant height, stem thickness, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield, and water use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that irrigation treatments had varying degrees of improvement on the growth and development of millet at different growth stages. Plant height, stem thickness, leaf area index and chlorophyll content of millet under supplemental irrigation at seedling, jointing and heading stages were increased by 6.04%~43.21%, 3.61%~17.89%, 3.16%~109.40% and 6.93%~22.77% respectively compared with that in CK2, thereby promoting dry matter accumulation in millet. Appropriate filling irrigation delayed leaf senescence and maintained a high leaf area index in the late growth stage (42.52% ~ 70.56% higher than that of CK2). Yield was significantly increased by 113.97% under CK2 treatment compared with CK1, and the supplemental irrigation treatments significantly increased by 11.62% ~ 39.97% compared with CK2 and increased with the number of supplemental irrigations during the reproductive period. Irrigating with subsoil moisture water and mulching significantly increased seedling emergence, which in turn significantly increased the number of spikes per hectare and increased the yield. Irrigation at the grain filling stage contributed to adequate grain filling and increased the thousand\|grain weight of millet. The treatment with jointing stage plus heading stage plus grain filling stage irrigation (JHF) had the highest grain yield. Compared to this, the yield of the JH treatment did not differ significantly, but the irrigation water amount decreased by 19.97%, and the irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation benefit increased significantly by 21.95% and 20.34%, respectively. In the Loess Plateau region, the combination of supplementary irrigation at jointing stage and heading stage is an effective measure to obtain higher millet yield and water use efficiency in wet years, and it is recommended that the upper and lower limits of irrigation at jointing stage and heading stage should be 50% to 80% and 60% to 90% of the field capacity, respectively. |
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