| Effects of water stress on development of superior and inferior grains in different drought tolerant maize varieties |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.06.05 |
| Key Words: maize water stress superior and inferior grains starch synthesis plant hormone |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | XU Chen | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural China, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China | | REN Jingquan | Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China | | ZHANG Lihua | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural China, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China | | ZHANG Yuhang | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural China, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China | | LI Qian | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural China, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China | | ZHU Mo | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural China, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China | | QI Zexin | College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China | | WANG Hongjun | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural China, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China | | ZHANG Zhi’an | College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China | | ZHAO Hongxiang | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural China, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China | | BIAN Shaofeng | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural China, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the physiological response mechanism of different degrees of water stress on development of superior and inferior grains in maize, a 2-year continuous pond planting maize experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. Two maize varieties with differences in drought tolerance were selected as experimental materials, and a total of six treatments were set up, including drought tolerant variety+no stress (T1), drought tolerant variety+moderate water stress (T2), drought tolerant variety+severe water stress (T3), drought sensitive variety+no stress (T4), drought sensitive variety+moderate water stress (T5), and drought sensitive variety+severe water stress (T6). The study explored the changes in grain filling characteristics, starch synthesis, hormone content, and yield of superior and inferior grains of maize under different degrees of water stress. The results indicated that water stress significantly affected the filling process of superior and inferior grains in maize. The filling rate of inferior grains in drought sensitive maize varieties during the late filling stage (45 d, 55 d) and the decrease in 100-grain weight during each sampling period were higher than those in drought resistant maize varieties. The filling rate under moderate and severe water stress decreased by an average of 30.73% and 35.36%, respectively. The decrease in maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate of inferior grains was higher than that of drought resistant maize varieties. Among them, under moderate and severe water stress, the maximum grain filling rate decreased by an average of 24.97% and 39.68%, and the average grain filling rate decreased by 23.54% and 36.70%, respectively. Water stress significantly affected the starch content, acid sucrose invertase, starch synthase, sucrose synthase, and ADPG pyrophosphorylase activities, as well as the content of auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid in superior and inferior grains of maize. The drought sensitive maize variety had the highest degree of change in inferior grains. Compared with untreated maize varieties, drought sensitive maize varieties showed a higher decrease in yield, ear length, ear diameter, and number of grains per ear. Among them, maize yield decreased by an average of 9.83% and 18.57% under moderate and severe water stress, and the decrease in 100-grain weight of inferior grains during maturity was higher. Under moderate and severe water stress, the average decrease was 23.51% and 36.34%. In summary, water stress significantly impacted the final yield of maize by affecting starch synthesis and the filling of inferior grains, with severe water stress having an even greater effect. |
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