| Effects of planting and overturning green manure crops on improvement of saline\|sodic soils |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.06.23 |
| Key Words: soda saline\|sodic soil green manure crop soil enzyme activity soil nutrient |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHANG Tieyi | Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China | | YANG Fan | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China | | WANG Zhichun | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China | | SHAO Xiwen | Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China | | ZHOU Jie | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China | | MIAO Yue | Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China；Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China | | NIE Zhaoyang | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China | | ZHANG Lu | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China | | MA Le | Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China；Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China | | GUO Liying | Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China | | GENG Yanqiu | Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China | | LUO Xuejiao | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China | | WANG Runze | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To identify the suitable green manure crops for the restoration of saline\|sodic soils in Songnen Plain，this study focused on the western saline\|sodic soils of the Songnen Plain. From 2022 to 2023， field experiments compared the growth adaptability of four green manure crops (Sesbania cannabina， Melilotus officinalis, Sorghum bicolor × sudanense，and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv ‘Chaomu 1’) in saline\|sodic soils and their effects on soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities after overturning. The correlation analysis was conducted on various indicators. The goal was to examine the effects and mechanisms of planting and overturning green manure crops on saline\|sodic soils. The results indicated that among the four green manure crops, Sesbania cannabina produced the highest dry and fresh biomass, yielding 30.35 t·hm-2 in the second year of planting, which was 5 to 35 times greater than the yields of the other three green manure crops. In the second year after planting and green manure crops returning, the soil bulk density with the Sesbania cannabina treatment was 1.17 g·cm-3, a significant reduction of 0.21 g·cm-3 compared to the control. The soil pH also decreased significantly by 0.15 to 0.50 units, and the electrical conductivity (EC) decreased significantly by 32.22% to 51.72%, both compared to the control. The bulk density and pH of the soil in the 0~20 cm layer for other green manure crops showed no significant differences compared to the control. In the 20~40 cm soil layer，the EC of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv ‘Chaomu 1’ and Sorghum bicolor × sudanense significantly decreased by 40.00% and 31.11%，respectively，compared to the control. The soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter content of Sesbania cannabina planted and overturned were superior to other green manure treatments. In the 0~20 cm soil layer, soil nutrients increased by 33.98% to 189.75%. The promotion ability of soil enzyme activity by planting and turning over four types of green manure varies. Among them, the enhancement of soil enzyme activity by Sesbania cannabina was outstanding. Compared with the control treatment, the soil urease activity, soil alkaline phosphatase activity, soil sucrase activity and soil β-xylosidase activity of Sesbania cannabina were significantly increased by 685.95%, 80.78%, 63.42% and 19.10%，respectively (P<0.05). In summary, compared to the other three green manure crops, planting and incorporating Sesbania cannabina into the soil is more effective in reducing alkalinity and enhancing soil enzyme activity in saline\|sodic soils. These findings provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the ecological restoration of such soils. |
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