| Effects of water\|nitrogen coupling on root growth, yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of intercropped soybean |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.16 |
| Key Words: maize\|soybean intercropping water\|nitrogen coupling soybean root growth soybean yield water\|nitrogen use efficiency entropy approach |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | CHEN Xi | College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625000, China | | ZHENG Caixia | College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625000, China | | YAN Min | College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625000, China | | YU Wenjun | College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625000, China | | ZHOU Deshen | College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625000, China | | WAN Hanyu | College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625000, China | | ZHANG Zhiliang | College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625000, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the effects of varying water\|nitrogen coupling on soybean root growth, yield, and water\|nitrogen use efficiency in maize\|soybean intercropping, a field experiment utilizing the soybean variety ‘Nandou 12’ as the subject of research was conducted. The experiment was designed with two factors: irrigation and nitrogen application. Three irrigation levels of W1: normal irrigation, the irrigation upper limit at 85% of FC; W2: moderate irrigation at 85% of W1; W3: low irrigation at 70% of W1, FC is the maximum water holding capacity of the field, and three levels of nitrogen application of N1: normal nitrogen application at 66 kg·hm2; N2: moderate nitrogen application at 85% of N1; N3: low nitrogen application at 70% of N1 were applied resulting in nine treatment combinations. The study analyzed the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on soybean root growth, yield, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and water\|nitrogen use efficiency. Partial Least Squares regression (PLS) and the entropy method were employed to evaluate the effects comprehensively across the treatments. Results indicated that the N2W2 treatment produced the most favorable soybean root traits, with root length, root surface area, and root volume increasing by 116.74%, 102.32%, and 90.15%, respectively, compared to the N1W1 treatment. Notably, significant interaction effects (P<0.05) were observed between water\|nitrogen treatments on soybean root morphology and nodule mass, revealing that nitrogen application had a more pronounced effect on soybean root morphology and yield than irrigation. The N2 treatment achieved the highest grain yield, increasing by 5.53%~227.64% and 6.80%~24.63% compared to the N1 and N3 treatments, respectively. The N2W2 treatment yielded the highest grain output at 3.34 t·hm-2, while the N1W1 treatment recorded the lowest yield and water\|nitrogen use efficiency, with a yield of 2.46 t·hm-2, water use efficiency of 0.49 kg·m-3 and nitrogen bias productivity of 37.23 kg·kg-1. Correlation analysis demonstrated that soybean yield and water use efficiency were significantly positively correlated (P<0.05) with specific root length, root surface area, root volume, and root length during the pod\|setting stage. Nitrogen partial productivity was significantly positively correlated (P<0.05) with root volume and root surface area, with root surface area showing the strongest impact on grain yield and water\|nitrogen use efficiency. The comprehensive evaluation based on the entropy weight method revealed that the N2W1 treatment achieved the highest overall score (0.253) in terms of soybean yield, root growth, and water\|nitrogen use efficiency. |
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